On October 19, 2011, the Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World hosted a panel discussion looking at Muslim minority communities around the globe and the challenges they face. How are Muslim Shi’i communities different in belief and tradition from Sunni communities? What specific challenges do they face with respect to their ability to practice and worship freely? What are the specific rights and responsibilities of majority and minority communities in religiously mixed societies? The panel built on the discussions of the Religious Leaders working group at the U.S.-Islamic World Forum and the recently published report, “Muslim-Majority and Muslim-Minority Communities in a Global Context.”