The U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project was completed in August 1998 and resulted in the book Atomic Audit: The Costs and Consequences of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Since 1940 edited by Stephen I. Schwartz. These project pages should be considered historical.


The USS George Washington, the Navy's first ballistic missile submarine, is shown minutes after launching in Groton, Connecticut, on June 9, 1959.The USS George Washington, the Navy’s first ballistic missile submarine, is shown minutes after launching in Groton, Connecticut, on June 9, 1959. Powered by a single nuclear reactor, it carried sixteen Polaris A-1 missiles, each with a 1.2- to 1.5-megaton warhead.

Credit: U.S. Navy