The Brookings Institution is committed to quality, independence, and impact.
We are supported by a diverse array of funders. In line with our values and policies, each Brookings publication represents the sole views of its author(s).

Research
November 13, 2013
The Brookings Institution is committed to quality, independence, and impact.
We are supported by a diverse array of funders. In line with our values and policies, each Brookings publication represents the sole views of its author(s).
Nithin Umapathi, Nicholas Gailey
September 20, 2025
Hady Amr, Belinda Archibong, Norman Eisen, Marcela Escobari, Vanda Felbab-Brown, Jeffrey Feltman, Jonathan Katz, Cameron F. Kerry, Emily Markovich Morris, Modupe (Mo) Olateju, Ghulam Omar Qargha, Zia Qureshi, Sophie Rutenbar, Sweta Shah, Landry Signé, Shibley Telhami, David G. Victor
September 19, 2025
Edem Selormey, Michael Augustus Akagbor
September 12, 2025