Sections

Commentary

Hutchins Roundup: Education reform, fair pricing regulations, and more

Massive economic gains to be had from educational reforms

Eric A. Hanushek of Stanford University and Jens Ruhose and Ludger Woessmann of the University of Munich find that implementing educational reforms that would raise each state’s achievement level to that of the highest performing state (Minnesota) would increase aggregate U.S. GDP by nearly $76 trillion dollars over the next 80 years. The authors note that, because workers are highly mobile, states have the largest incentive to implement these reforms when other states do so simultaneously.

Fair pricing regulations reduced amount of care provided to uninsured patients, but didn’t lead to worse outcomes

Using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, Michael Batty of the Federal Reserve Board and Benedic Ippolito of the American Enterprise Institute find that state laws that limit how much hospitals can charge uninsured patients in the 2000s led to a significant reduction in the average length of stay and charges per stay for the uninsured patients, but had no impact on length of stay for insured patients. Importantly, these regulations did not lead to worse health outcomes for uninsured patients.  The authors view these results as strong evidence that hospitals actively respond to changing financial incentives.

ECB’s non-standard monetary policies had large spillover effects on central and eastern European countries

Matteo Falagiarda, Peter McQuade, and Marcel Tirpák of the European Central Bank (ECB) find that, between 2007 and 2015, the ECB’s non-standard monetary policies had strong spillover effects on central and eastern European countries outside the euro zone, particularly on sovereign bond yields. The Security Markets Program, through which the ECB purchased sovereign bonds on the secondary market, produced the largest spillovers, with smaller effects drawn from the Outright Monetary Transactions and Public Sector Purchase Programs.

Chart of the week 


121015_Chart

Quote of the week: Learning the lessons of history may not be a simple task, but is certainly an important one

My current assessment of the risks to financial stability remains tentative and subject to change as we learn more or conditions shift. Policymakers and researchers need better models and data to understand the interconnections between the banking system and nonbank financial institutions… History has demonstrated that risks evolve in response to regulatory pressure and the animal spirits that emerge as memories fade, as well as to animal spirits. As a result, the infrastructure needed to learn the things we don’t know needs to be put in place. An essential element of that infrastructure is learning the lessons of history – both the lessons of what happened, and the fact that supervisors and regulators will on occasion be surprised. Learning those lessons is not as simple a task as it may sound. But it is certainly a far more important task than it sounds.

—Stanley Fischer, Vice Chairman, Federal Reserve Board