Sections

Commentary

Alternative Seasonal Adjustments Finds Small Difference from Official Numbers

Jonathan Wright
Jonathan Wright Professor - Johns Hopkins University

June 6, 2014

There are massive seasonal patterns in employment data. For example, in July, it is typical for the US economy to lose over a million jobs. Adjusting for this normal seasonal variation is essential to interpreting month-to-month changes in employment. The approach for this seasonal adjustment that is presently used by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) puts very heavy weight on the current and last two years of data in assessing what are the typical patterns for each month.

Jonathan Wright of Johns Hopkins University argues in “Unseasonal Seasonals?” that a longer window should be used to estimate seasonal effects. He finds that using a different seasonal filter, known as the 3×9 filter, produces better results and more accurate forecasts. The key difference in the 3×9 filter is that it spreads weight over the most recent six years in estimating seasonal patterns. This makes the seasonal patterns more stable over time than in the current BLS seasonal adjustment method.

We calculate the month-over-month change in total nonfarm payrolls, seasonally adjusted by the 3×9 filter, for the most recent month. The corresponding data as published by the BLS are shown for comparison purposes. According to the alternative seasonal adjustments, the economy gained 221 thousand jobs last month. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that the economy gained 217 thousand jobs last month. The discrepancies between the two series are explained in Dr. Wright’s BPEA paper.

Thousands of Jobs Added

BLS

Wright

2014-May

217

221

2014-April

282

294

2014-March

203

200

2014-February

222

250

2014-January

144

117

2013-December

84

93

2013-November

274

284

2013-October

237

221

2013-September

164

168

2013-August

202

204

2013-July

149

143

2013-June

201

186