
/* ::::: http://link.springer.com/static/201607251336-111/css/modern_link.min.css ::::: */

html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, tt, var, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { border: 0px none; font: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; }
body { line-height: 1; }
ol, ul { list-style: outside none none; }
blockquote, q { quotes: none; }
blockquote::before, blockquote::after, q::before, q::after { content: none; }
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; }
html { overflow-y: scroll; }
html { font: 62.5% "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; }
body { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 1.3rem; min-width: 320px; overflow-y: hidden; }
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  body { background: rgb(241, 241, 241) url('bg.png') repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  body { padding: 0px 1.04167%; }
}
body * { outline: 0px none; }
body.kb_user :focus { box-shadow: 0px 0px 3px 2px rgba(1, 118, 195, 0.7) ! important; outline: 0px none; }
.lt-ie9 body { min-width: 980px; overflow-y: auto; }
.lt-ie9 body.kb_user :focus { outline: 2px dotted rgb(1, 118, 195) ! important; }
div, dt, form, label, li, p, span { display: block; margin: 7px 0px; }
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  div, dt, form, label, li, p, span { margin: 0px; }
}
li {  }
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  li { display: list-item; }
}
span, label {  }
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  span, label { display: inline; }
}
#header { background: rgb(241, 241, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em; }
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #header { padding: 0px; }
}
#content, #footer-nav, #footer { padding: 0.2em 0.5em; }
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #content, #footer-nav, #footer { padding: 0px; }
}
h1, h2 { font-family: Georgia,"New Century Schoolbook","Nimbus Roman No9 L",serif; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.02em; line-height: 1.2; }
h1 { font-size: 2.6rem; margin: 7px 0px 14px; }
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) {
  h1 { font-size: 3rem; }
}
h1 sub, h1 sup { font-size: 69.2307%; }
h2 { font-size: 2.4rem; margin: 7px 0px; }
h3 { font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: 400; margin: 7px 0px 5px; }
sub, sup { font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1; }
sub { vertical-align: text-bottom; }
sup { vertical-align: text-top; }
button, input, select, textarea { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; }
input[type="text"], input[type="number"], input[type="date"], input[type="password"], textarea { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(188, 188, 188); border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; font-size: 1.3rem; padding: 4px 3px; }
input.placeholder[type="text"], input.placeholder[type="password"] { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
input[type="text"]:focus, input[type="password"]:focus, textarea:focus { border-color: rgb(1, 118, 195); box-shadow: 0px 0px 3px rgb(1, 118, 195); outline: 0px none; }
button, input[type="button"], input[type="submit"], input[type="image"], label { cursor: pointer; }
button::-moz-focus-inner, input::-moz-focus-inner { border: 0px none; padding: 0px; }
.lt-ie8 input, .lt-ie8 select { vertical-align: middle; }
.hidden { display: none ! important; visibility: hidden; }
.invisible { visibility: hidden; }
#gimme-satisfaction, #reader-overlay, .js-hidden, .pillow-btn, .no-js #results-only-access-checkbox, .tooltip { display: none; }
#pub-date-graph { position: absolute; left: -1000px; }
@media screen and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #pub-date-graph { position: relative; left: auto; }
}
.bar-dock { position: absolute; left: -100000px; }
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) {
  .bar-dock { position: static; left: auto; }
}
.flyout-caption { position: absolute; left: -10000px; }
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .flyout-caption { left: auto; }
}
#gimme-satisfaction {  }
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) {
  #gimme-satisfaction { display: block; }
}
#fdbk_tab { transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; opacity: 0; }
@media screen and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #fdbk_tab { opacity: 1; }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 1020px) {
  #fdbk_tab { display: none; }
}
.js #fdbk_screen { opacity: 0.75; }
.accessibility { position: absolute; left: -100000px; }
.no-js { padding-top: 42px; }
#site-qualifier img { width: 98%; }
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #site-qualifier img { width: auto; }
}
#abstract-actions, .bar-actions { font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: 700; }
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions, .bar-actions { font-size: 100%; font-weight: 400; }
}
#abstract-actions a span, .bar-actions a span { display: inline-block; }
img.lazy { display: none; }
#ki_container { display: none; }
@media screen and (min-width: 1100px) {
  #ki_container { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #wrapper, #dialog-page-layout { box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(187, 187, 187); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px auto; position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #wrapper, #dialog-page-layout { max-width: 980px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .lt-ie9 #wrapper, .lt-ie9 #dialog-page-layout { border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; border-width: 0px 1px; }
  #wrapper #content, #dialog-page-layout #content { transition: padding 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px 18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; padding: 10px 10px 50px; }
  #wrapper #content::before, #wrapper #content::after, #dialog-page-layout #content::before, #dialog-page-layout #content::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  #wrapper #content::after, #dialog-page-layout #content::after { clear: both; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #wrapper #content, #dialog-page-layout #content { padding: 20px 20px 50px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #wrapper #content.non-modal, #dialog-page-layout #content.non-modal { background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); }
  #wrapper #content.non-modal .lb, #dialog-page-layout #content.non-modal .lb { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  #home-page.show-search #wrapper #content, #industry-home.show-search #wrapper #content, #home-page.show-search #dialog-page-layout #content, #industry-home.show-search #dialog-page-layout #content { padding-top: 5em; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #home-page.show-search #wrapper #content, #industry-home.show-search #wrapper #content, #home-page.show-search #dialog-page-layout #content, #industry-home.show-search #dialog-page-layout #content { padding-top: 20px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .lt-ie9 #home-page.show-search #wrapper #content, .lt-ie9 #industry-home.show-search #wrapper #content, .lt-ie9 #home-page.show-search #dialog-page-layout #content, .lt-ie9 #industry-home.show-search #dialog-page-layout #content { padding-top: 20px; }
  #dialog-page-layout { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219); }
  #dialog-page-layout .activation-login, #dialog-page-layout .activation-reset { margin-bottom: 2em; display: block; }
  #dialog-page-layout .activation-login .btn, #dialog-page-layout .activation-reset .btn { width: 100%; }
  #dialog-page-layout .activation-login p, #dialog-page-layout .activation-reset p { margin-bottom: 7px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #dialog-page-layout {  }
  #dialog-page-layout .activation-login:first-child { border-right: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding-right: 7%; margin-right: 7%; padding-bottom: 2em; }
  #dialog-page-layout .activation-login, #dialog-page-layout .activation-reset { display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 2em; }
  #dialog-page-layout p { margin-top: 15px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #dialog-page-layout .InfoHeading { background: transparent url('info.png') no-repeat scroll 0px 0px; padding-left: 50px; margin-left: -50px; }
  #dialog-page-layout #content { position: relative; margin: 5% 20% 0px; padding: 5em 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #dialog-page-layout {  }
  #dialog-page-layout #content { padding: 10% 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #dialog-page-layout #logo {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #dialog-page-layout #logo { position: absolute; left: 42px; top: 36px; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #dialog-page-layout #logo {  }
  #dialog-page-layout #logo img { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #dialog-page-layout.neutral-login #logo { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; text-indent: 0px; overflow: visible; }
  #dialog-page-layout h2 { font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; }
  #dialog-page-layout h2, #dialog-page-layout h3 { margin: 16px 0px; }
  #dialog-page-layout h3 { font-size: 1.3rem; }
  #dialog-page-layout p + h3 { margin-top: 24px; }
  #dialog-page-layout p { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 15px; }
  #dialog-page-layout form + p { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 15px 0px 0px; }
  #dialog-page-layout form.neutral-login-box { width: 100%; margin-bottom: 48px; box-sizing: border-box; }
  #dialog-page-layout form.neutral-login-box input { margin-bottom: 10px; }
  #dialog-page-layout form.neutral-login-box label { margin-top: 0px; }
  #dialog-page-layout form.neutral-login-box .forgot-pword { float: right; }
  #dialog-page-layout form.neutral-registration { width: 100%; }
  #dialog-page-layout form.neutral-registration input { margin-bottom: 10px; }
  #dialog-page-layout form.neutral-registration input.error { margin-bottom: 0px; }
  #dialog-page-layout form.neutral-registration label.error { margin-top: 0px; }
  #dialog-page-layout .forgot-pword { margin: 0px 0px 0px 26px; }
  #dialog-page-layout label { clear: both; display: inline-block; margin: 20px 0px 5px; }
  #dialog-page-layout input[type="text"], #dialog-page-layout input[type="password"] { display: block; margin-bottom: 20px; }
  #dialog-page-layout .success-message, #dialog-page-layout .error-message { margin-bottom: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #header { box-shadow: 0px 3px 2px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); background: rgb(229, 229, 229) url('bg-mobile-header.png') repeat-x scroll 0px 0px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(208, 208, 208); min-height: 53px; z-index: 20; width: 100%; }
  .ie6 #header { height: 36px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #header { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 32px; padding-top: 130px; position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .lt-ie8 #header { z-index: 1; }
  #header h1 { margin: 0px; }
  #logo { color: transparent; direction: ltr; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-indent: -9999em; text-transform: capitalize; transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; background: transparent url('logo_sprite.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -25px; display: inline-block; height: 30px; width: 115px; position: absolute; left: 11px; top: 12px; }
}
@media not all, not all, not all, not all {
  #logo { background-image: url('logo_sprite_high_res.png'); background-size: auto 92px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #logo { left: 30px; width: 160px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #logo { background-position: 0px -55px; height: 40px; top: 17px; width: 190px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #logo img {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #logo img { height: auto; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #site-qualifier { display: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #site-qualifier { display: block; height: 52px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; left: 64%; top: 2px; }
  #site-qualifier img { position: absolute; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #logo-company { display: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #logo-company { display: block; height: 50px; position: absolute; right: 22px; bottom: 50px; width: 160px; }
  #logo-company img { display: none; max-height: 100%; max-width: 100%; position: absolute; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; }
  #logo-company img.first { display: inline; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #header .pillow-btn { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -10090px; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75); border-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); min-width: 51px; text-indent: -9999em; }
  #header .pillow-btn:hover { border-color: rgb(188, 188, 188); }
  #header .pillow-btn.pillow-btn-active { padding: 0px 15px; margin: 1px; box-shadow: 0px 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35) inset, 0px -1px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75) inset; background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); }
  .lt-ie8 #header .pillow-btn { overflow: hidden; }
  .lt-ie9 #header .pillow-btn { min-width: 0px; }
  #header .pillow-btn.open-search-options { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -10090px; width: 53px; height: 36px; outline: 0px none; }
  #header .pillow-btn.open-search-options.pillow-btn-active { border-radius: 3px; padding: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; margin: 0px; }
  #header .pillow-btn.open-search-options:hover { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9933px; }
  #header .pillow-btn.open-search-options:active, #header .pillow-btn.open-search-options:focus { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9855px; }
  .lt-ie9 #header .pillow-btn.open-search-options:active, .lt-ie9 #header .pillow-btn.open-search-options:focus { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -10011px; }
  .is-open #header .pillow-btn.open-search-options { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9933px; }
  .lt-ie9 .is-open #header .pillow-btn.open-search-options { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -10011px; }
  #header .pillow-btn.open-search { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9004px; position: absolute; top: 7px; right: 70px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #header .pillow-btn.open-search { opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #header .pillow-btn.open-search:hover { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -8847px; }
  body.show-search #header .pillow-btn.open-search { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -8769px; }
  #header .pillow-btn.open-menu { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -7077px; position: absolute; top: 7px; right: 8px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #header .pillow-btn.open-menu { right: 12px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #header .pillow-btn.open-menu { opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #header .pillow-btn.open-menu:hover { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -6607px; }
  body.show-menu #header .pillow-btn.open-menu { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -6529px; }
  .panel-search { background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(229, 229, 229), rgb(220, 220, 220)); box-shadow: 0px -1px 0px rgb(208, 208, 208); transition: all 0.5s ease-in-out 0s; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); border-top: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); display: none; width: 100%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .panel-search { box-shadow: none; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; border: 0px none; position: absolute; bottom: auto; left: 200px; top: 0px; display: block; width: 45.0417%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .panel-search { left: 30px; top: 72px; z-index: 5; width: 51.0417%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .ie9 .panel-search { filter: none; }
  #global-search { margin: 7px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #global-search { margin: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #search-options { display: none; position: absolute; top: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #search-options { right: -66px; display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #search-options .flyout-content { padding: 0.5em 10px; top: 3.2em; right: 0px; left: auto; min-width: 120px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #search-options .flyout-content { right: auto; left: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #search-options .flyout-content ul { border-top: 0px none; padding: 0px; }
  .panel-menu { background: rgb(61, 62, 67) url('bg-mobile-menu.png') repeat scroll 0px 0px; display: none; margin-bottom: -10px; width: 100%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .panel-menu { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; display: block; margin: 0px; position: static; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #global-nav { box-shadow: 0px 5px 8px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25) inset, 0px -5px 8px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) inset; position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #global-nav { box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgb(244, 244, 244) inset; border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); padding: 0px 32px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .ie6 #global-nav { height: 36px; }
  #global-nav li { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top: 1px solid rgb(76, 77, 81); color: rgb(153, 153, 153); display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #global-nav li { border: 0px none; float: left; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .lt-ie8 #global-nav li { float: left; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #global-nav li {  }
  #global-nav li:first-child a, #global-nav li:first-child span { padding-left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; }
  #global-nav li:first-child a::before, #global-nav li:first-child span::before { content: ""; margin-right: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #global-nav a, #global-nav span { transition: padding 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; position: relative; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; font-size: 1.5rem; padding: 14px 16px; text-shadow: 1px 1px 0px rgb(34, 34, 34); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #global-nav a, #global-nav span { padding-left: 30px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #global-nav a, #global-nav span { color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-size: 1.4rem; padding: 9px 0px; margin-left: 30px; text-shadow: 1px 1px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  #global-nav a::before, #global-nav span::before { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); content: " •"; text-decoration: none; outline: 0px none; position: absolute; left: -16px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #global-nav span { cursor: default; font-weight: 700; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #global-nav {  }
  #global-nav a:hover { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); text-decoration: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #cross-nav { background-color: rgb(70, 71, 77); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(79, 80, 86), rgb(61, 62, 66)); box-shadow: 0px -6px 5px rgb(51, 51, 51) inset; transition: padding 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; min-height: 42px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #cross-nav { padding-left: 16px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #cross-nav { box-shadow: none; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; border: 0px none; height: auto; position: absolute; right: 7px; top: 6px; width: auto; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .ie9 #cross-nav { filter: none; }
  #skip-navigation { overflow: hidden; position: absolute; right: 10px; bottom: 0px; width: 300px; line-height: 20px; height: 30px; }
  #skip-navigation .skip-navigation--label { position: absolute; right: -99999px; display: block; top: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
  #skip-navigation.focus .skip-navigation--label { right: 0px; bottom: 0px; }
  #skip-navigation a { display: inline-block; margin-left: 10px; }
  .ie9 #lang .flyout-caption { min-width: 70px; }
  .ie9 #edition .flyout-caption { min-width: 120px; }
  #auth { vertical-align: top; }
  #auth .flyout-caption { max-width: 192px; float: none; margin: 3px 0px 0px; border: 0px none; background-color: transparent; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1px) and (max-width: 599px) {
  #auth .flyout-caption { overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .ie9 #auth .flyout-caption { min-width: 110px; }
  #auth a.flyout-caption, #auth a.flyout-caption:hover { text-decoration: none; }
  #auth .flyout-caption::before { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; margin-right: 7px; }
  #auth .flyout-content { width: 195px; }
  #auth .action { font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 400; margin-right: 0px; }
  #auth .action::before { content: "» "; }
  #auth form { margin-bottom: 14px; }
  #auth label { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
  #auth input[type="text"], #auth input[type="password"] { box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-size: 1.2rem; margin-bottom: 14px; width: 100%; }
  #auth button { float: left; margin-right: 10px; }
  .lt-ie8 #auth #auth-remember, .lt-ie8 #auth #auth-remember-label { float: right; }
  #auth ul { clear: both; }
  #auth #user::before { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -5255px; margin-right: 15px; }
  #auth #user:hover::before { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -5108px; }
  #content { margin-top: 54px; }
  .banner-container + #wrapper #content { margin-top: 0px; }
  .lt-ie9 #content { margin-top: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #content { margin-top: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #full-text-html-page #content { margin-top: 0px; }
  #header { position: fixed; left: 0px; top: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #header { position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #full-text-html-page #header { position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .no-js {  }
  .no-js #logo, .no-js .panel-search, .no-js .panel-menu { display: block; position: static; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .no-js {  }
  .no-js #logo, .no-js .panel-search { position: absolute; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .no-js #logo { margin: 7px 7px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .no-js #logo { margin: 7px 7px 0px 30px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .no-js #logo { margin: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .no-js .open-search, .no-js .open-menu { display: none; }
  .no-js .panel-search { box-shadow: none; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; border: 0px none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .no-js .panel-search { margin: 7px 7px 0px 23px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .no-js .panel-search { margin: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .no-js .panel-menu { margin: 0px; }
}
body.show-search #header .panel-search { display: block; margin-top: 55px; }
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) {
  body.show-search #header .panel-search { margin-top: 0px; }
}
body.show-menu #header .panel-menu { display: block; margin-top: 55px; }
@media screen and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  body.show-menu #header .panel-menu { margin: 0px; }
}
body.show-menu.show-search #header .panel-menu { margin-top: 0px; }
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) {
  body.show-menu.show-search #header .panel-menu { margin-top: 55px; }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  body.show-menu.show-search #header .panel-menu { margin: 0px; }
}
#global-nav .returnoldspringerlink { display: none; }
@media screen and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #global-nav .returnoldspringerlink { float: right; }
}
.lt-ie8 #global-nav .returnoldspringerlink { float: right; }
#global-nav .returnoldspringerlink a { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
#global-nav .returnoldspringerlink a:hover { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); }
#global-nav .returnoldspringerlink a::before { content: ""; }
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .col-aside, .col-main { margin: 0px 0px 30px; width: 100%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .col-aside, .col-main { display: inline; float: left; margin: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .layout-1 {  }
  .layout-1::before, .layout-1::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .layout-1::after { clear: both; }
  .layout-1 .col-aside {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .layout-1 .col-aside { width: 31.9149%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .layout-1 .col-main {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .layout-1 .col-main { float: right; width: 65.9574%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .layout-2 {  }
  .layout-2::before, .layout-2::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .layout-2::after { clear: both; }
  .layout-2 .col-aside {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .layout-2 .col-aside { width: 23.4043%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .layout-2 .col-main {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .layout-2 .col-main { float: right; width: 74.4681%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .layout-3 {  }
  .layout-3::before, .layout-3::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .layout-3::after { clear: both; }
  .layout-3 .col-main { position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .layout-3 .col-main { margin-left: 4.25532%; width: 61.7021%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .layout-3 .col-aside {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .layout-3 .col-aside { margin-left: 4.25532%; width: 25.5319%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .layout-3b {  }
  .layout-3b::before, .layout-3b::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .layout-3b::after { clear: both; }
  .layout-3b .col-main { position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .layout-3b .col-main { margin-left: 4.25532%; width: 61.7021%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .layout-3b .col-aside { margin-bottom: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .layout-3b .col-aside { float: right; margin: auto 4.25532% 30px auto; width: 25.5319%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .layout-4 {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .layout-4 { padding: 10px 34.0426% 54px 4.25532%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .layout-5 {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .layout-5 { padding: 0px 4.95283%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .layout-6 {  }
  .layout-6::before, .layout-6::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .layout-6::after { clear: both; }
  .layout-6 .col-main {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .layout-6 .col-main { width: 46.8085%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .layout-6 .col-aside { position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .layout-6 .col-aside { margin-left: 6.38298%; width: 46.8085%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #footer { background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(244, 244, 244), rgb(220, 220, 220)); box-shadow: 0px -1px 0px 0px rgb(220, 220, 220); color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 1.1rem; position: relative; }
  #footer hr { display: none; }
  #footer .section { border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 249, 249); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); padding: 10px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #footer .section { padding: 12px 32px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #footer a { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
  #footer-verticals { transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; }
  #footer-verticals::before, #footer-verticals::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  #footer-verticals::after { clear: both; }
  #footer-verticals.section {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #footer-verticals.section { min-height: 20px; padding: 20px 32px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #footer-verticals .strapline { display: block; font-size: 1.5rem; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #footer-verticals .strapline { font-size: 1.6rem; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #footer-verticals .flyout { float: none; position: static; }
  #footer-verticals .pillow-btn { background-color: rgb(253, 252, 252); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(253, 252, 252), rgb(237, 236, 236)); font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 2.6; margin: 10px 8px 0px 0px; padding-right: 70px; position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #footer-verticals .pillow-btn { position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 24px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #footer-verticals .pillow-btn { font-size: 1.1rem; height: 28px; top: 5px; right: 24px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #footer-verticals .pillow-btn.pillow-btn-active { background: rgb(220, 220, 220) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 2.5; padding-right: 71px; }
  #footer-verticals .pillow-btn .caret { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -4127px; display: block; height: 9px; position: absolute; right: 12px; top: 40%; width: 9px; }
  #footer-verticals .pillow-btn:hover .caret { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -4075px; }
  #footer-verticals .pillow-btn.pillow-btn-active .caret { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -4075px; opacity: 1; right: 13px; top: 42%; }
  #footer-verticals ol { box-shadow: 0px 5px 8px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25) inset, 0px -5px 8px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) inset; background: rgb(61, 62, 67) url('bg-mobile-menu.png') repeat scroll 0px 0px; display: none; margin: 10px -10px -11px; overflow: hidden; padding: 2px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #footer-verticals ol { margin: 20px -32px -22px; -moz-column-count: 3; -moz-column-gap: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #footer-verticals ol { box-shadow: 0px 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); background: rgb(249, 249, 249) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); margin: 0px; padding: 12px; position: absolute; top: 44px; right: 0px; width: 640px; z-index: 5; }
  #footer-verticals ol.industries { right: 32px; }
  #footer-verticals ol.disciplines { right: 32px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #footer-verticals ol li { box-shadow: 0px 1px 1px rgb(76, 77, 81); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 51); border-top: 1px solid rgb(76, 77, 81); display: inline-block; font-size: 1.6rem; width: 100%; }
  .lt-ie9 #footer-verticals ol li, .ie9 #footer-verticals ol li { float: left; width: 32%; }
  #footer-verticals ol li:first-child { border-top-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
  #footer-verticals ol li:last-child { box-shadow: 0px -1px 0px rgb(51, 51, 51) inset; border-bottom-color: rgb(76, 77, 81); margin-bottom: -2px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #footer-verticals ol li:last-child { box-shadow: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #footer-verticals ol li:last-child a { padding-bottom: 13px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #footer-verticals ol li:last-child a { padding-bottom: 12px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #footer-verticals ol li { box-shadow: none; border: 0px none; font-size: 1.5rem; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #footer #footer-verticals ol li a { color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85); display: block; padding: 14px 10px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #footer #footer-verticals ol li a { padding-left: 32px; padding-right: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #footer #footer-verticals ol li a { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); padding: 6px; }
  #footer #footer-verticals ol li a:hover { background: rgb(241, 241, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-decoration: underline; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #footer-verticals .is-open ol ol, .show-footer-menu #footer-verticals ol { display: block; }
  .kb_user #footer-verticals li a:focus { background-color: rgb(1, 118, 195); color: rgb(255, 255, 255) ! important; box-shadow: none ! important; text-decoration: underline; }
  #footer-nav { display: none; margin-bottom: 12px; position: relative; }
  #footer-nav::before, #footer-nav::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  #footer-nav::after { clear: both; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #footer-nav { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #footer-nav.section { border-bottom: 0px none; }
  #footer-nav .block { box-shadow: 1px 0px 0px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); border-right: 1px solid rgba(197, 196, 196, 0.5); display: block; float: left; margin: 10px 2% 0px 0px; min-height: 145px; padding: 0px 21px 10px 0px; width: 21%; }
  #footer-nav h2 { font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.5rem; }
  #footer-nav li { line-height: 1.9; }
  #footer-nav::before { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -10697px; content: ""; display: block; height: 86px; width: 7.43455%; position: absolute; right: 26px; bottom: 21px; }
  #footer-nav #secret-team-link { cursor: default; display: block; height: 8px; outline: 0px none; position: absolute; right: 26px; bottom: 21px; width: 59px; }
  #footer-legal { transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; line-height: 1.7; position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #footer-legal { font-size: 1.4rem; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #footer-legal {  }
  #footer-legal.section { border-top: 0px none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #mobile-nav {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #mobile-nav { display: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #mobile-nav .open-legal { line-height: 3; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: middle; }
  #mobile-nav .open-legal.pillow-btn-active { line-height: 3.1; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #mobile-nav .open-legal { line-height: 2.4; }
  #mobile-nav .open-legal.pillow-btn-active { line-height: 2.5; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #switch-desktop { position: relative; top: 2px; }
  #switch-desktop::before { content: "» "; }
  #legal { box-shadow: 0px 5px 8px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25) inset, 0px -5px 8px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) inset; background: rgb(61, 62, 67) url('bg-mobile-menu.png') repeat scroll 0px 0px; display: none; margin: 10px -10px -9px; overflow: hidden; padding: 19px 12px; position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #legal { margin: 18px -32px 0px; padding: 16px 30px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #legal { box-shadow: none; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; display: block; font-size: 1.2rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  body.show-legal #legal { display: block; }
  #legal a, #legal span { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #legal a, #legal span { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #legal #powered-by {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #legal #powered-by { display: inline-block; float: right; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #footer-copyright { width: 60%; }
  #footer-copyright a { display: inline; text-decoration: underline; }
  #footer-privacy { line-height: 1.2; margin: 10px 0px; }
  #footer-privacy::before { content: "» "; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #footer-privacy { margin: 0px; max-width: 40%; position: absolute; right: 30px; top: 15px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #footer-privacy { top: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #footer-dynamic-legal { line-height: 1.2; margin: 10px 0px; }
  #footer-dynamic-legal::before { content: "» "; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #footer-dynamic-legal { margin: 0px; max-width: 40%; position: absolute; right: 30px; top: 50px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #footer-dynamic-legal { top: 20px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #diagnostic-info { margin: 10px 0px; display: inline-block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #diagnostic-info { margin: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #diagnostic-info span { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); display: inline; }
  #diagnostic-info span::before { content: "·"; margin: 0px 0.45em 0px 0.25em; }
  #diagnostic-info span:first-child::before { content: ""; margin: 0px; }
  #footer-branding { background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(244, 244, 244), rgb(220, 220, 220)); transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #footer-branding { display: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #footer-branding .block { max-width: 371px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #footer-branding .block { max-width: 484px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #branding-logo { background: transparent url('logo_sprite.png') no-repeat scroll 0px 0px; display: inline-block; text-indent: -9999em; height: 23px; width: 122px; }
}
@media not all, not all, not all, not all {
  #branding-logo { background-image: url('logo_sprite_high_res.png'); background-size: auto 92px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #branding-logo { background-position: 0px -25px; height: 30px; margin-left: -4px; width: 158px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .no-js #footer-legal .open-legal { display: none; }
  .no-js #footer-legal #legal { display: block; }
  .cookie-banner { background-color: rgb(247, 251, 254); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(179, 220, 245); z-index: 10; position: relative; }
  .cookie-banner--cookies-policy { border-top: 1px solid rgb(179, 220, 245); margin-bottom: -1px; z-index: 20; }
  .js .cookie-banner--cookies-policy { display: none; background-color: rgb(247, 251, 254); border: 1px solid rgb(151, 191, 216); border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12); bottom: 2em; position: fixed; margin: 0px auto; left: 0px; right: 0px; max-width: 700px; width: 80%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .js .cookie-banner--cookies-policy { width: 70%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .cookie-banner__content { line-height: 1.5625; text-align: left; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px 32px; }
  .cookie-banner__cookie-text { display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 100%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .cookie-banner__cookie-text { margin-bottom: 0px; width: auto; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .cookie-banner__link { white-space: nowrap; }
  .cookie-banner__link--cookie { display: inline-block; float: none; }
  .cookie-banner__right-ui { display: inline-block; float: right; text-align: right; font-size: 1.3rem; color: rgb(65, 125, 185); text-decoration: underline; cursor: pointer; border: 0px none; background-color: transparent; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; }
  .cookie-banner__right-ui.hover, .cookie-banner__right-ui:hover { color: rgb(65, 125, 185); text-decoration: none; }
  .cookie-banner__right-ui.active, .cookie-banner__right-ui:active { color: rgb(65, 125, 185); text-decoration: none; }
  .cookie-banner__right-ui.focus, .cookie-banner__right-ui:focus { outline: thin dotted; }
  .cookie-banner__form { float: right; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .lb { border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .lb { margin: 86px auto; width: 555px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .lb-fake-feature {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .lb-fake-feature { width: auto; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .js #colorbox .lb { box-shadow: none; margin: 0px; }
  .lb .mod-hd { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(187, 188, 189); padding: 9px 20px; position: relative; min-height: 13px; }
  .lb .mod-hd h3 { font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; }
  .lb .mod-hd .btn { position: absolute; top: 3px; right: 5px; }
  .lb .mod-bd { padding: 20px; }
  .lb .mod-bd p { line-height: 1.4; }
  .lb .mod-bd h2 { margin: 0px 0px 14px; }
  .lb .mod-bd #filtering-options ul li { margin: 14px 0px; }
  .lb .mod-bd #filtering-options label { position: relative; left: 5px; top: -2px; }
  .lb .mod-bd #filtering-options input { margin: 0px; }
  .lb .mod-bd .loading { height: 100px; position: absolute; top: 65px; right: 50px; width: 100px; }
  .lb table { margin-top: 16px; width: 100%; }
  .lb th, .lb td { background-color: rgb(243, 243, 243); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(243, 243, 243)); border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 218); box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset; padding: 12px 14px; }
  .lb th { text-align: left; width: 320px; }
  #filtering-options p { margin-bottom: 14px; }
  .concurrent-login { width: auto; border-bottom: 0px none; }
  .concurrent-login .mod-bd { background: transparent url('alert-info.png') no-repeat scroll 4% 15%; padding-left: 60px; }
  .concurrent-login .mod-bd p { margin-top: 7px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions { margin: 48px 0px; min-height: 25px; width: 100%; }
  #abstract-actions:empty { margin: 0px; }
  #abstract-actions.panel { background: rgb(248, 248, 248) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset; box-sizing: border-box; }
  #abstract-actions.panel .action.icon-unlock { margin: 14px 20px; width: auto; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions.panel .action.icon-unlock { margin: 10px 0px 10px 20px; display: inline-block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions.panel.reduced-margin { margin-top: 7px; }
  #abstract-actions .action { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset; border: 1px solid rgb(188, 188, 188); color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 1.4rem; margin: 0px 0px 6px; min-height: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top; width: 99.5%; display: inline-block; }
  #abstract-actions .action:first-child { margin: 0px 0px 6px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #abstract-actions .action { min-width: 19em; max-width: 48%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .action { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; border-radius: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px none; color: rgb(1, 118, 195); font-size: 1.2rem; margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; min-height: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; min-width: 0px; max-width: 100%; }
  #abstract-actions .action:nth-of-type(3) { margin: 0px 30px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .action:hover, #abstract-actions .action:focus, #abstract-actions .action:active { border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .action:hover, #abstract-actions .action:focus, #abstract-actions .action:active { border: 0px none; color: rgb(1, 118, 195); text-decoration: underline; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .action:active, #abstract-actions .action.act { box-shadow: 0px 5px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35) inset; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .action:active, #abstract-actions .action.act { box-shadow: 0px 0px rgb(0, 0, 0); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .ie9 #abstract-actions .action:active {  }
  #abstract-actions .action a::before { content: ""; }
  #abstract-actions .action a { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: block; line-height: 2.6; padding: 6px 6px 6px 45px; white-space: nowrap; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .action a { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); display: inline-block; line-height: 2.2; padding: 0px 0px 0px 35px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .action span { display: inline-block; }
  #abstract-actions .action span.tooltip { display: none; z-index: 100000; }
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-view:first-child { background: rgb(1, 118, 195) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(56, 160, 229), rgb(1, 118, 195)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25) inset; border-color: rgb(1, 118, 195); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-view:first-child { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; border-radius: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px none; color: rgb(1, 118, 195); font-size: 1.2rem; margin-right: 0px; min-height: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; min-width: 0px; max-width: 100%; }
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-view:first-child:first-child { margin: 0px 26px 0px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-view:first-child:hover, #abstract-actions .action.icon-view:first-child:focus, #abstract-actions .action.icon-view:first-child:active, #abstract-actions .action.icon-view.act:first-child { border-color: rgb(2, 102, 168); color: rgb(179, 220, 245); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-view:first-child:hover, #abstract-actions .action.icon-view:first-child:focus, #abstract-actions .action.icon-view:first-child:active, #abstract-actions .action.icon-view.act:first-child { box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px; border: 0px none; color: rgb(1, 118, 195); text-decoration: underline; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-view:first-child a, #abstract-actions .action.icon-view:first-child span { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-view:first-child a, #abstract-actions .action.icon-view:first-child span { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-unlock:first-child { background: rgb(1, 118, 195) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(56, 160, 229), rgb(1, 118, 195)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25) inset; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(1, 118, 195); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-unlock:first-child { background: rgb(1, 118, 195) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(56, 160, 229), rgb(1, 118, 195)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25) inset; border: 1px solid rgb(1, 118, 195); color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-unlock:first-child a, #abstract-actions .action.icon-unlock:first-child span { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-unlock:first-child a { text-decoration: none; padding: 6px 14px 6px 48px; background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 13px -5426px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-unlock:first-child a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 10px -5429px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-download:first-child { background: rgb(1, 118, 195) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(56, 160, 229), rgb(1, 118, 195)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25) inset; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(1, 118, 195); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-download:first-child { background: rgb(1, 118, 195) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(56, 160, 229), rgb(1, 118, 195)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25) inset; border: 1px solid rgb(1, 118, 195); color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-download:first-child a, #abstract-actions .action.icon-download:first-child span { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-download:first-child a { text-decoration: none; padding: 6px 14px 6px 45px; background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 13px -3790px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-download:first-child a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 10px -3793px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-download a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 13px -3720px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-download a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 1px -3869px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-view:first-child a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 13px -6116px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-view:first-child a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 1px -6195px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-view a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 13px -6046px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-view a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 1px -6195px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-unlock a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 13px -5356px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-unlock a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 1px -5505px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-epub { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset; border: 1px solid rgb(188, 188, 188); color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 1.4rem; margin: 0px 0px 14px; min-height: 30px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top; width: 99.5%; display: inline-block; }
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-epub:first-child { margin: 0px 0px 6px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-epub { min-width: 19em; max-width: 48%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-epub { font-size: 1.2rem; width: auto; margin-left: 14px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-epub a, #abstract-actions .action.icon-epub span { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); }
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-epub a { text-decoration: none; padding: 6px 14px 6px 45px; background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 13px -3860px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .action.icon-epub a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 10px -3863px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .action--issue { display: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #abstract-actions .action--issue { display: inline-block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing { overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); padding: 8px 0px 15px; margin: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing { margin: 12px 20px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing .aggregate-pricing h3, #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing .aggregate-pricing .price-disclaimer { display: none; }
  #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing .aggregate-pricing .aggregate-pricing-wrapper { float: none; }
  #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing .aggregate-pricing .btn { float: none; height: 28px; padding: 1px 10px 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing .aggregate-pricing .btn { min-width: 113px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .ie7 #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing { display: inline; }
  #abstract-actions #display-book-ppv {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions #display-book-ppv { float: left; max-width: 245px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions #display-book-ppv.display-book-ppv--extend-margin {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions #display-book-ppv.display-book-ppv--extend-margin { margin-top: 55px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions #display-book-ppv > a { display: none; }
  #abstract-actions #display-book-ppv a.btn {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions #display-book-ppv a.btn { margin-top: 10px; min-height: 25px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .deepdyve-content { display: none; margin-left: 20px; font-size: 1.5rem; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .deepdyve-content { float: left; margin-top: 10px; margin-left: 0px; max-width: 245px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .deepdyve-content a { display: inline-block; margin-top: 12px; }
  #abstract-actions .deepdyve-content .deepdyve-text { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 1.7; }
  #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing-content, #abstract-actions .aggregate-pricing-box { padding: 0px 20px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing-content, #abstract-actions .aggregate-pricing-box { padding: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing-content .btn, #abstract-actions .aggregate-pricing-box .btn { font-weight: 700; text-align: left; width: 100%; display: inline-block; min-height: 45px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1px) and (max-width: 599px) {
  #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing-content .btn, #abstract-actions .aggregate-pricing-box .btn { width: 100%; line-height: 2.6; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
  #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing-content .btn, #abstract-actions .aggregate-pricing-box .btn { max-width: 51%; min-width: 19em; font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 2.8; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing-content .btn, #abstract-actions .aggregate-pricing-box .btn { line-height: 1.7; text-align: center; min-height: 25px; min-width: 25px; width: auto; font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 400; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing-content #leaf-pricing-buy-now.btn, #abstract-actions .aggregate-pricing-box #leaf-pricing-buy-now.btn { line-height: 1; }
  #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing-content a.btn, #abstract-actions .aggregate-pricing-box a.btn { box-sizing: border-box; }
  #abstract-actions .line-divider { margin: 15px 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); display: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .line-divider { margin: 0px 30px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); border-right: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 35px 0px; border-bottom: 0px none; float: left; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .line-divider.line-divider--extend-padding {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .line-divider.line-divider--extend-padding { padding: 75px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing-content { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing-content { width: 235px; float: left; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .leaf-pricing-wrapper h2 { font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.2rem; margin-top: 0px; }
  #abstract-actions .content-prices { font-size: 1.6rem; margin: 10px 0px 6px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
  #abstract-actions #leaf-pricing-buy-now { margin-top: 10px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions #leaf-pricing-buy-now { min-width: 115px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions .price-disclaimer { font-size: 1.1rem; clear: both; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); float: none; line-height: 2.2; margin: 5px 20px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #abstract-actions .price-disclaimer { float: right; display: block; margin: 11px 20px 0px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #abstract-actions hr { background: rgb(215, 214, 214) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 0px none; height: 1px; margin: 14px 0px; }
  .old-price { color: rgb(153, 153, 153) ! important; }
  .old-price > span { text-decoration: line-through; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .abstract-numbers { margin: 15px 0px 30px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
  .abstract-numbers .social-mention a { margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; }
  .abstract-numbers > h2 { margin-bottom: 20px ! important; }
  .abstract-numbers a { margin-bottom: 10px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.1; text-align: center; width: 60px; vertical-align: top; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1px) and (max-width: 599px) {
  .abstract-numbers a { margin-bottom: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .abstract-numbers .article-metrics { margin-left: 10px; }
  .abstract-numbers__count { display: block; margin-bottom: 7px; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 231, 231); border-radius: 50%; height: 60px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 3; font-size: 2rem; background: rgb(231, 231, 231) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(255, 255, 255), rgb(231, 231, 231)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; }
  .lt-ie9 .abstract-numbers__count { background-color: transparent; border: 0px none; }
  .abstract-numbers__label { font-size: 1.1rem; color: rgb(1, 118, 195); }
  .abstract-numbers__label::before {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1px) and (max-width: 599px) {
  .abstract-numbers__label::before { white-space: pre; content: "\a "; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .lt-ie9 .abstract-numbers__label::before { content: ""; }
  .Metrics { margin: 30px 0px; }
  .Metrics .Metrics_item--citations { background: transparent url('G3QcMEphzNSqOUyWCQxIQtgi1WSvUz1MBz0BiKnw8egdERhOD5mQso66dDsQxYA6QWZARBgABbZfrvqNCcoAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC') no-repeat scroll 0px center; padding-left: 30px; }
  .Metrics .Metrics_item--mentions { background: transparent url('psskgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==') no-repeat scroll 0px center; padding-left: 30px; }
  .Metrics_item { margin-right: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); }
  .Metrics_item:hover { background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239); }
  .Metrics_item:last-child { border-bottom: 0px none; }
  .Metrics_item a { font-size: 14px; height: 20px; display: block; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 12px; padding-right: 4px; text-decoration: none; }
  .Metrics_itemValue { float: right; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
  .Metrics_footer { font-size: 13px; margin-top: 7px; text-align: right; }
  .Metrics_footer a { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .action { font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 700; display: block; margin: 7px 26px 7px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .action { display: inline-block; margin: 0px 26px 0px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .action.help { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; }
  .action a::before { content: "» "; }
  .action span { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: 400; }
  .icon-download a, .icon-download-alt a, .icon-view a, .icon-view-alt a, .icon-browse a, .icon-browse-alt a, .icon-unlock a, .icon-unlock-alt a { display: inline-block; padding-left: 35px; }
  .icon-download a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 1px -3729px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .icon-download a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 1px -3869px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .icon-view a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 1px -6055px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .icon-view a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 1px -6195px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .icon-browse a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 1px -1459px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .icon-browse a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 1px -1599px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .icon-unlock a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 1px -5365px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .icon-unlock a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 1px -5505px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .icon-download-alt a, .bar-actions .icon-download a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 1px -3799px; }
  .icon-view-alt a, .bar-actions .icon-view a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 1px -6125px; }
  .icon-browse-alt a, .bar-actions .icon-browse a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 1px -1529px; }
  .icon-unlock-alt a, .bar-actions .icon-unlock a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 1px -5435px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .bar-dock { display: none; min-height: 38px; position: relative; z-index: 1; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .bar-dock { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .bar-actions { background: rgb(1, 118, 195) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(56, 160, 229), rgb(1, 118, 195)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25) inset; border: 1px solid rgb(1, 118, 195); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 26px; line-height: 2.2; padding: 5px 4.14894% 4px; position: relative; z-index: 10; }
  .kb_user .bar-actions a:focus { color: rgb(255, 243, 112); box-shadow: 0px 0px 3px 2px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7); }
  .ie6 .bar-actions { height: 26px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .bar-dock .bar-scrolled { box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); position: fixed; top: 0px; z-index: 5; max-width: 960px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .bar-actions a { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: 700; }
  .bar-actions .action span { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  .bar-actions form { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9525px; height: 24px; padding-left: 22px; margin: 7px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .bar-actions form { margin: 0px; position: absolute; right: 40px; top: 6px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .bar-actions input { float: left; }
  .bar-actions input.search-within { border: 1px solid rgb(1, 118, 195); font-size: 1.2rem; height: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.02em; padding: 2px 10px; position: relative; width: 189px; }
  .bar-actions input.search-within:focus { outline: 0px none; }
  .bar-actions .search-submit { background: rgb(1, 118, 195) url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9721px; border: 1px solid rgb(1, 118, 195); border-radius: 0px 2px 2px 0px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 1.4rem; height: 24px; margin-left: -1px; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 30px; }
  .bar-actions .search-submit:hover, .bar-actions .search-submit:focus { border-color: rgb(2, 102, 168); background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9589px; }
  .bar-actions .search-submit:active { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9462px; border-color: rgb(2, 102, 168); }
  .bar-wrapper { position: relative; }
  .js .unlock-wrapper { position: absolute; top: 37px; z-index: 5; width: 100%; }
  .bar-access-restr { background: rgb(254, 238, 174) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(255, 243, 198), rgb(254, 238, 174)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(253, 218, 76); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-radius: 0px 2px 2px 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 2.2; min-height: 28px; text-align: center; text-shadow: 0px 2px 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); padding: 0px 4.25532%; }
  .bar-access-restr strong { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -7498px; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0px 0px 31px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .alert { border-radius: 3px; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; border: 1px solid; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 14px 14px 14px 41px; position: relative; vertical-align: top; }
  .alert .alert-block { padding-bottom: 16px; }
  .alert::before { content: ""; display: inline-block; height: 19px; width: 19px; position: absolute; left: 14px; top: 14px; }
  .alert :first-child { margin-top: 1px; }
  .alert :last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }
  .alert h1, .alert h2, .alert h3 { margin-top: 0px; }
  .alert p, .alert ul, .alert ol { line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 5px; }
  .alert p strong { display: block; margin-bottom: 5px; }
  .alert-success { border-color: rgb(113, 171, 11); background: rgba(113, 171, 11, 0.1) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  .alert-success::before { background-image: url('alert-success.png'); }
  .alert-info { border-color: rgb(56, 160, 229); background: rgba(56, 160, 229, 0.1) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  .alert-info::before { background-image: url('alert-info.png'); }
  .alert-warning { border-color: rgb(255, 192, 0); background: rgba(255, 192, 0, 0.1) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  .alert-warning::before { background-image: url('alert-warning.png'); }
  .alert-error { border-color: rgb(196, 6, 6); background: rgba(196, 6, 6, 0.08) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  .alert-error::before { background-image: url('alert-error.png'); }
  .alert-aside { overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 20px; }
  .alert-aside p, #dialog-page-layout .alert-aside p { float: left; margin-bottom: 0px; }
  .alert-aside form, #dialog-page-layout .alert-aside form { width: auto; }
  .alert-aside form .btn, #dialog-page-layout .alert-aside form .btn { float: right; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .article-note { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); padding-top: 7px; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); margin: 24px 0px; }
  .article-note div.simple-para, .article-note p { display: block; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.4; padding-left: 20px; margin: 7px 0px 12px; }
  .article-note div.simple-para::before, .article-note p::before { content: "• "; margin-left: -13px; padding-right: 4px; position: relative; top: 0px; }
  #predecessor-info.article-note { border-top: 0px none; padding-top: 0px; }
  #predecessor-info.article-note p { margin-top: 0px; }
  .lt-ie8 .formatted .article-note { margin: 2px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .editor-list, .author-list { margin: 0px 0px 7px; }
  .editor-list h2, .author-list h2 { display: inline; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.3rem; letter-spacing: normal; }
  .editor-list ul, .author-list ul { display: inline; }
  .editor-list .authors li, .editor-list .editors li, .author-list .authors li, .author-list .editors li { display: inline; line-height: 1.5; }
  .editor-list .authors a, .editor-list .editors a, .author-list .authors a, .author-list .editors a { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
  .editor-list .authors a:hover, .editor-list .editors a:hover, .author-list .authors a:hover, .author-list .editors a:hover { border-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none; }
  .editor-list .authors .show-all-hide-authors, .editor-list .editors .show-all-hide-authors, .author-list .authors .show-all-hide-authors, .author-list .editors .show-all-hide-authors { display: none; }
  .editor-list .authors .show-all, .editor-list .authors .hide-some, .editor-list .editors .show-all, .editor-list .editors .hide-some, .author-list .authors .show-all, .author-list .authors .hide-some, .author-list .editors .show-all, .author-list .editors .hide-some { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); cursor: pointer; font-size: 1.1rem; text-decoration: underline; white-space: nowrap; }
  .editor-list .authors .show-all:hover, .editor-list .authors .hide-some:hover, .editor-list .editors .show-all:hover, .editor-list .editors .hide-some:hover, .author-list .authors .show-all:hover, .author-list .authors .hide-some:hover, .author-list .editors .show-all:hover, .author-list .editors .hide-some:hover { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
  .show-all-authors, .hide-authors, .show-all-editors, .hide-editors { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: underline; }
  .AuthorNames { position: relative; margin: 0px 0px 7px; }
  .AuthorNames h2 { display: inline; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.3rem; letter-spacing: normal; }
  .AuthorNames ul { display: inline; }
  .AuthorNames li { display: inline; line-height: 1.5; }
  .AuthorNames .AuthorName_container { border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(215, 214, 214); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
  .AuthorNames .AuthorName_container:hover { border-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none; }
  .AuthorNames .AuthorNames_more { display: none; }
  .AuthorNames.showAll .AuthorNames_more { display: inline; }
  .AuthorNames.showAll .AuthorNames_moreLink { display: none; }
  .AuthorNames .AuthorNames_moreLink a, .AuthorNames .AuthorNames_hideLink a { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); }
  .AuthorNames .AuthorNames_moreLink a:hover, .AuthorNames .AuthorNames_hideLink a:hover { border-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none; }
  .AuthorNames .AuthorNames_hideLink a { margin-left: 0.5em; }
  .AuthorNames .ContactIcon, .AuthorNames .Orcid { width: 13px; height: 10px; background-image: url('email.png'); background-repeat: no-repeat; display: inline-block; vertical-align: sub; margin: 0px 0.5em; }
  .AuthorNames .Orcid { background-image: url('orcid.png'); height: 13px; }
  .AuthorNames .AuthorNames_popup { display: none; position: absolute; top: auto; left: auto; bottom: auto; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .AuthorNames {  }
  .AuthorNames .AuthorName_container { position: relative; }
  .AuthorNames .AuthorNames_popup { top: 0px; left: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .AuthorNames .AuthorNames_popup--right { left: auto; }
  .AuthorNames .AuthorNames_details { display: block; width: 250px; right: auto; padding: 1em; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .AuthorNames .AuthorNames_details { margin-top: 30px; margin-left: -50px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .AuthorNames .AuthorNames_details .ContactIcon, .AuthorNames .AuthorNames_details .Orcid { display: inline-block; margin-left: 0px; }
  .AuthorNames .AuthorNames_details a { display: block; }
  .AuthorNames .AuthorsName_affiliation { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
  .AuthorNames .AuthorsName_affiliation span { margin-bottom: 0.3em; display: block; }
  .AuthorNames .AuthorNames_details .email, .AuthorNames .AuthorNames_details .orcid { margin-top: 0.5em; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .ui-autocomplete { box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(188, 188, 188); padding: 7px 0px 5px; position: absolute; left: 0px; }
  .ui-autocomplete li a { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); cursor: default; display: block; font-size: 1.6rem; padding: 3px 9px; text-decoration: none; }
  .ui-autocomplete li a:focus, .ui-autocomplete li a.ui-state-focus, .ui-autocomplete li a:hover, .ui-autocomplete li a.ui-state-hover { background: rgb(230, 241, 249) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  .ui-autocomplete strong { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; }
}
.ui-helper-hidden-accessible { border: 0px none; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 1px; }
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .back-link { background: transparent url('2GYKEUEFRNt9VBSiO5zZBoA5cEsdfq340wAAAAASUVORK5CYII=') no-repeat scroll 0px 1px; display: inline-block; font-size: 1.2rem; position: relative; padding: 2px 0px 0px 20px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .banner-advert { position: absolute; top: 13.75em; right: -13.4em; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; transition: visibility 0s ease 0.5s, opacity 0.5s linear 0s; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; }
  .lt-ie9 .banner-advert { visibility: visible; opacity: 1; width: auto; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1180px) {
  .banner-advert { visibility: visible; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 0.5s linear 0s; width: auto; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .box { border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 15px 20px; }
  .box:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }
  .box a:focus { z-index: 10; }
  .box-header { font-size: 2.6rem; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 25px; }
  .box-alt { padding: 8px 7px; }
  .box-alt .box-header { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 700; margin: -8px -7px 8px; padding: 6px 7px; }
  .box-primary { background-color: rgb(179, 220, 245); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(215, 236, 250), rgb(179, 220, 245)); border: 1px solid rgb(112, 188, 237); border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin: 14px 0px; padding: 14px 20px; }
  .box-primary .box-section { border-top: 1px solid rgb(112, 188, 237); box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px 0px rgb(215, 236, 250) inset; margin: 14px -20px 0px; padding: 14px 20px 0px; }
  .box-secondary { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset; margin: 14px 0px; padding: 14px 20px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .browse { margin: 25px 0px; position: relative; display: inline-block; background: rgb(248, 248, 248) none repeat scroll 0% 0% ! important; }
  .browse p { display: inline-block; font-size: 1.6rem; margin-bottom: 14px; }
  .browse p strong { font-size: 1.8rem; }
  .browse form { float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .browse form { margin-bottom: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .browse label { cursor: text; display: block; font-size: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 30px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
  .browse .field { float: left; margin-right: 6px; }
  .browse .field .error-message { bottom: 32px; }
  .browse input.text { box-sizing: border-box; height: 24px; width: 86px; }
  .browse .search-submit { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9721px; border: 1px solid rgb(1, 118, 195); border-radius: 2px; float: left; height: 24px; width: 29px; }
  .browse .search-submit:hover, .browse .search-submit:focus { border-color: rgb(2, 102, 168); background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9589px; }
  .browse .search-submit:active { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9462px; border-color: rgb(2, 102, 168); }
  .browse .browse-content { margin-top: 20px; width: 100%; float: left; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
  .browse .browse-content { width: auto; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .browse .browse-content { margin-top: 0px; float: right; border-left: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); padding-left: 40px; width: 45%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .browse .browse-content .browse-all-content-heading { font-size: 1.5rem; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 30px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
  .browse .all { box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; min-height: 45px; line-height: 2.6; margin: 0px 0px 10px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .browse .all { text-align: center; line-height: 1.4; min-height: inherit; }
  .browse .all:last-child { margin: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .browse .box-primary__bottom { border-top: 1px solid rgb(112, 188, 237); position: relative; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 14px 0px 0px; }
  .browse .box-primary__bottom::before { box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 1px rgb(249, 249, 249); content: ""; height: 0px; width: 100%; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 1px; }
  .browse-no-search .all {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .browse-no-search .all { float: right; position: relative; top: auto; right: auto; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .browse-no-search p { display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 8px; }
  #book-series .browse input.text { width: 100%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .btn { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset; border: 1px solid rgb(188, 188, 188); color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 1.3rem; display: inline-block; height: 21px; line-height: 1.7; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 10px 0px; white-space: nowrap; }
  .btn:hover, #abstract-actions .action.icon-epub:hover, #abstract-actions .action.icon-epub:focus, #abstract-actions .action.icon-epub:active, #abstract-actions .action.icon-epub.act, .btn:focus, .btn:active, .btn.active { border-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none; }
  .btn:active, .btn.active, .btn.act { box-shadow: 0px 5px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35) inset; }
  .ie9 .btn:active, .ie9 .btn.active {  }
  button.btn { height: 24px; padding-top: 0px; }
  .btn-primary { background: rgb(1, 118, 195) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(56, 160, 229), rgb(1, 118, 195)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border-color: rgb(1, 118, 195); box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25) inset; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  .btn-primary:hover, #abstract-actions .action.icon-unlock:first-child:hover, #abstract-actions .action.icon-unlock:first-child:focus, #abstract-actions .action.icon-unlock:first-child:active, #abstract-actions .action.icon-unlock.act:first-child, #abstract-actions .action.icon-download:first-child:hover, #abstract-actions .action.icon-download:first-child:focus, #abstract-actions .action.icon-download:first-child:active, #abstract-actions .action.icon-download.act:first-child, .btn-primary:focus, .btn-primary:active, .btn-primary.act { background-color: rgb(2, 102, 168); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(56, 160, 229), rgb(2, 102, 168)); border-color: rgb(2, 102, 168); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  .btn-close::before { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -2859px; content: ""; display: inline-block; height: 11px; width: 11px; margin: 0px 7px -1px 0px; }
  .btn-close:hover::before { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -2691px; }
  .btn-dd { cursor: pointer; position: relative; }
  .btn-dd::after { background: transparent url('wdzS4fwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=') no-repeat scroll right top; content: ""; display: inline-block; height: 6px; width: 33px; }
  .btn-dd .menu { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); box-shadow: 0px 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); display: none; position: absolute; top: 23px; left: -1px; min-width: 100%; z-index: 5; }
  .no-js .btn-dd:hover .menu { display: block; }
  .btn-dd .menu a { display: block; padding: 4px 11px; }
  .btn-dd .menu a::before { content: "» "; }
  .btn-dd .menu a:hover { background: rgb(237, 245, 251) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-decoration: none; }
  .btn-red:hover, .btn-red:focus, .btn-red:active { background: rgb(234, 7, 7) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(234, 7, 7), rgb(197, 6, 6)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border-color: rgb(196, 6, 6); box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgba(241, 94, 94, 0.58) inset; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-shadow: 1px 1px 0px rgb(164, 5, 5); }
  .btn-red:active { box-shadow: 0px 5px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35) inset; }
  .btn-monster { font-size: 1.5rem; height: 28px; padding: 1px 12px 0px; }
  button.btn-monster { height: 31px; padding-top: 0px; }
  .btn-add::before { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -7822px; content: ""; display: inline-block; height: 11px; margin-right: 6px; position: relative; top: 1px; width: 11px; }
  .facet-expanded .facet-header .btn, .lb .mod-hd .btn, #cboxContent .functions-bar .btn, #reader-buttons .btn { height: 25px; }
  .remove-btn { color: transparent; direction: ltr; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-indent: -9999em; text-transform: capitalize; background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -3357px; cursor: pointer; height: 24px; width: 24px; }
  .remove-btn:hover, .remove-btn:focus { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -3289px; }
  .remove-btn:active { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -3221px; }
  .browse-content .btn-primary + .btn { color: rgb(3, 129, 202); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .pillow-btn { border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75); transition: right 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; height: 36px; opacity: 1; padding: 0px 15px; visibility: visible; white-space: nowrap; }
  .ie9 .pillow-btn { filter: none; }
  .pillow-btn:hover { border-color: rgb(188, 188, 188); }
  .pillow-btn.pillow-btn-active { box-shadow: 0px 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35) inset, 0px -1px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75) inset; background-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border: 0px none; padding: 1px 16px; text-shadow: 1px 1px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85); }
  .lt-ie9 .pillow-btn { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .checkmarks li { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -1928px; margin-top: 7px; padding-left: 23px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .content-item-list {  }
  .content-item-list p { line-height: 1; }
  .content-item-list li { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); padding: 12px 10px 15px; position: relative; transition: all 0.3s linear 0s; }
  .content-item-list li::before, .content-item-list li::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .content-item-list li::after { clear: both; }
  .content-item-list li:hover { background-color: rgb(251, 251, 251); box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px -1px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset; }
  .content-item-list li:first-child { border-top: 0px none; }
  .content-item-list .content-type { color: rgb(119, 119, 119); font-size: 1.1rem; display: inline-block; }
  .content-item-list .size-indicator { border-left: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 500; padding-left: 0.5em; margin-left: 0.2em; display: inline-block; }
  .content-item-list h2 { font-size: 2rem; margin: 4px 0px 8px; }
  .content-item-list .snippet, .content-item-list .subtitle, .content-item-list .coverage { color: rgb(119, 119, 119); line-height: 1.6; margin-top: 7px; }
  .content-item-list .subtitle + .coverage { margin-top: 0px; }
  .content-item-list .meta { line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 3px; }
  .content-item-list .meta a { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
  .content-item-list li .authors a, .content-item-list li .editors a { border-bottom: 0px none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
  .content-item-list li .authors a:hover, .content-item-list li .editors a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
  .content-item-list .cited-count { font-style: normal; }
  .content-item-list .actions { margin-top: 12px; }
  .content-item-list .action { margin-right: 18px; }
  .content-item-list li.has-cover .text { margin-left: 90px; }
  .content-item-list li.has-cover .cover { border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); float: left; width: 68px; }
  .content-item-list .recent { float: right; font-size: 1rem; margin: -4px 0px 0px; }
  .content-item-list .no-access { padding-top: 7px; }
  .content-item-list .no-access .content-type { margin: -18px 0px 13px 28px; display: block; }
  .content-item-list .no-access-message { background: rgb(255, 249, 224) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 1.1rem; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 22px; margin: -7px -13px 0px -7px; padding: 6px 13px 0px 0px; text-align: right; }
  .content-item-list .no-access-message img { position: absolute; top: 4px; left: 10px; }
  .content-item-list .no-access, .issues-list li.no-access, .content-item-list .no-access:hover, .issues-list li.no-access:hover { background-color: rgb(255, 253, 244); }
  .featured { margin-top: 35px; }
  .featured h2 { box-shadow: 0px -1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px -18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); padding: 0px 4px 7px 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; }
  .featured ul {  }
  .featured ul::before, .featured ul::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .featured ul::after { clear: both; }
  .featured li { display: inline-block; margin-left: 10%; position: relative; z-index: 5; width: 16.4129%; }
  .lt-ie8 .featured li { display: block; float: left; }
  .featured li:first-child { margin-left: 0.846024%; }
  .featured li:hover { z-index: 15; }
  .ie7 .featured li:hover { z-index: 5; }
  .featured li:hover .tooltip { display: block; top: 110px; }
  .featured .content-type { color: rgb(119, 119, 119); font-size: 1.1rem; }
  .featured h3 { font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 3px; }
  .featured .coverage { color: rgb(119, 119, 119); font-size: 1.2rem; margin-top: 7px; }
  .featured .meta { font-size: 1.2rem; margin-top: 7px; }
  .featured .meta a { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
  .featured .date { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
  .ranked .content-item-list h3 { line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 4px; }
  .ranked .content-item-list .date { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
  .ranked .show-all { background: rgb(248, 248, 248) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(255, 255, 255), rgb(248, 248, 248)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); box-shadow: 0px -1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset; padding: 14px 7px; text-align: right; }
  .ranked .show-all a { font-size: 1.2rem; }
  .ranked .show-all a::before { content: "» "; }
  #related-list { list-style-type: decimal; margin-top: -10px; padding-left: 1.5em; }
  #related-list li { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); line-height: 1.5; padding: 10px 0px 9px; position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #related-list li { padding-right: 120px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #related-list .date { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 1.1rem; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #related-list .date { position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 12px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #related-list h2 { font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; margin: 30px 0px 20px; padding-right: 0px; }
  #related-list h2#concepts-related-title { margin: 30px 0px 10px; }
  #related-list.cited-by li { padding-right: 0px; }
  #related-documents ol { list-style: inherit; position: relative; }
  #related-documents ol :first-child { border-top: 0px none; }
  #related-documents ol li { padding-top: 15px; }
  #related-documents ol ul { padding-bottom: 10px; }
  #related-documents .related-item-concept { display: inline-block; border: 0px none; margin-right: 5px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
  .document-main .col-main .toc h2 span { font-size: 1.3rem; }
  .toc { margin-top: 30px; }
  .toc h2, .toc h3 { box-shadow: 0px -1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px -18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); padding: 0px 4px 7px 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; }
  .toc .functions-bar-top { margin: -11px 0px 0px; }
  .toc ol:first-child { margin-top: 5px; }
  .toc ol ol { border: 0px none; }
  .toc ol ol ol { margin-bottom: 5px; }
  .toc ol ol h3, .toc ol ol ol { margin-left: 30px; }
  .toc li, .toc li li:first-child { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); }
  .toc li:first-child, .toc ul li, .toc ul li:first-child { border-top: 0px none; }
  .toc h3 { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Georgia,"New Century Schoolbook","Nimbus Roman No9 L",serif; font-size: 2rem; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 10px; }
  .toc h3.style-1 { font-size: 1.5rem; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; box-shadow: none; }
  .toc .no-articles-available-message { font-size: 1.3rem; padding: 5px 10px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); margin-top: 20px; }
  .toc .part-item { margin: 12px 0px; }
  .toc .part-item h2:first-child { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); padding: 5px 10px; margin-bottom: -13px; }
  .toc .part-item ol > li { padding-left: 20px; }
  .toc .part-item .no-access-message img { left: 17px; }
  .toc .subpart-item ol { margin-left: 0px; }
  .toc .subpart-item h3 { margin-left: 0px; }
  .toc .toc-item + h3 { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); margin-top: 5px; }
  .toc .toc-item { padding: 12px 15px 13px 10px; position: relative; }
  .toc .toc-item:hover { background-color: rgb(251, 251, 251); box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px -1px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset; }
  .toc .lozenges { position: absolute; top: 6px; right: 10px; z-index: 5; }
  .toc .recent, .toc .open-access { font-size: 1rem; float: right; margin-left: 3px; }
  .toc .content-type { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 1.1rem; position: relative; }
  .toc .page-range, .toc .citation-info { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 1.1rem; position: absolute; right: 20px; bottom: 13px; }
  .toc h3.title { font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; }
  .toc .title, .toc h3.content-type, .toc h4.content-type { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; border-bottom: 0px none; box-shadow: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.4; margin: 3px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; }
  .toc h3.content-type, .toc h4.content-type { margin: 0px ! important; }
  .toc .abstract-content { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 1.4rem; margin: 3px 0px 0px; }
  .toc .abstract-content img { max-width: 100%; }
  .toc ul.authors { margin: 3px 80px 0px 0px; }
  .toc .toc-item .author-list { display: inline; }
  .toc .toc-item .authors { margin-right: 0px; }
  .toc .toc-item .authors a { border-bottom: 0px none; text-decoration: none; }
  .toc .toc-item .authors a:hover, .toc .toc-item .authors a:focus { text-decoration: underline; }
  .toc .toc-item .date { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
  .toc .meta { margin-right: 100px; margin-top: 5px; }
  .toc .actions { margin-top: 10px; }
  .toc .no-access { background-color: rgb(255, 253, 244); }
  .toc .no-access .page-range { bottom: 17px; }
  .toc .no-access .content-type { margin-top: -18px; margin-left: 26px; }
  .toc .no-access .title { margin-top: 7px; }
  .toc .no-access-message { background: rgb(255, 249, 224) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 1.1rem; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 22px; margin: -12px -15px 0px -5px; padding: 6px 15px 0px 0px; text-align: right; }
  .toc .no-access-message img { left: 7px; position: absolute; top: 4px; }
  .summary {  }
  .summary::before, .summary::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .summary::after { clear: both; }
  .summary dl { line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 7px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .summary dl { display: inline; float: left; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.32558%; width: 30.2326%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .summary dl:first-child { margin-left: 0px; }
  .summary dt { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); font-weight: 700; margin: 10px 0px 2px; padding-top: 10px; }
  .summary dt:first-child { border-top: 0px none; margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; }
  .summary dd { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); overflow-wrap: break-word; }
  .summary a::before { content: "» "; }
  .summary .authors a::before, .summary .editors a::before { content: ""; }
  .summary .authors li a:first-child, .summary .editors a { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); }
  .summary .authors li a:first-child:hover, .summary .editors a:hover { border-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none; }
  .about-journal-history dl { line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 7px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .about-journal-history dl { display: inline; float: left; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.32558%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .about-journal-history dl:first-child { margin-left: 0px; }
  .about-journal-history dt { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); font-weight: 700; margin: 10px 0px 2px; padding-top: 10px; }
  .about-journal-history dd { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); overflow-wrap: break-word; }
  #abstract-references .enumeration { font-style: italic; margin-right: 10px; }
  #abstract-references li a, .report-download a { font-size: 1.1rem; margin-right: 10px; }
  #abstract-references li a::before, .report-download a::before { content: "» "; }
  #abstract-references li a::before, .report-download a { white-space: nowrap; }
  .esm-list div:first-child { border-top: 0px none; }
  .esm-item { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); line-height: 1.5; min-height: 34px; padding: 10px 0px 9px 37px; position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .esm-item { padding-right: 120px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .esm-item { border-top: 0px none; }
  .esm-item .icon { color: transparent; direction: ltr; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-indent: -9999em; text-transform: capitalize; background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -5030px; height: 34px; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 11px; width: 26px; }
  .esm-item.type-audio .icon { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -727px; }
  .esm-item.type-video .icon { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -7296px; }
  .esm-item .filesize { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
  .abstract-content ul > br { display: none; }
  .formatted {  }
  .formatted h3 { margin-top: 10px; }
  .formatted p { line-height: 1.6; margin-top: 10px; width: 100%; }
  .formatted h3 + p, .formatted p:first-child { margin-top: 0px; }
  .formatted li p { margin: 0px; }
  .formatted ol, .formatted ul { margin-top: 10px; padding-left: 1.6em; }
  .formatted ol { list-style-type: decimal; }
  .formatted ul { list-style-type: disc; }
  .formatted li { line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 7px; }
  .formatted li:first-child { margin-top: 0px; }
  .formatted .BibliographyWrapper { list-style: outside none none; padding-left: 0px; }
  .figure img { max-width: 98%; margin: 7px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .figure img { max-width: 100%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #intro { margin: 0px 27px 24px 0px; }
  #intro p { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.4; }
  .notes { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); color: rgb(119, 119, 119); font-style: italic; list-style: outside none disc; margin: 10px 0px 20px; padding: 18px 0px 0px 15px; }
  .browse + .notes { border-top: 0px none; padding-top: 0px; }
  .notes li + li { margin-top: 0.75em; }
}
.cover img { border: 1px solid rgb(219, 218, 218); box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); max-width: 100%; }
.cover.cover--searchResult { max-width: 100px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin: 30px 4.356% 10px 0px; line-height: 1.2; }
.cover.cover--searchResult img { margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 15px; box-sizing: border-box; }
.cover.cover--searchResult:last-child { margin-right: 0px; }
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .check-prompt { display: none; }
  .lb.check-prompt-content { width: 298px; }
  .check-prompt-content p { margin-bottom: 15px; }
  .check-prompt-content .btn { margin-right: 15px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .expander { margin: 0px -12px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .expander { margin: 5px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .expander-title { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 218); border-top: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 218); font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: 700; height: auto; margin-bottom: -1px; padding: 14px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .expander-title { border: 1px solid rgb(238, 236, 236); height: 26px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .expander-title h2 { cursor: pointer; }
  .expander-title button { border: 0px none; background-color: transparent; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: rgb(1, 118, 195); font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: 700; text-align: left; }
  .deposit-interruption .expander { margin-bottom: 7px; }
  .deposit-interruption .expander-title { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; border: 0px none; height: auto; margin-bottom: 7px; padding: 0px; }
  .deposit-interruption .expander-title .heading { border: 0px none; margin-left: -20px; padding: 5px 0px 0px 40px; }
  .deposit-interruption .expander-title .heading label { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); }
  .deposit-interruption .expander-title .expander-open .heading { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; }
  .deposit-interruption .expander-content .heading { font-weight: 700; }
  .expander-empty .expander-title h2, .expander-empty .expander-title button { cursor: default; }
  .js .expander-title:hover { border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); }
  .expander-title div { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 20px -4638px; border-top: 0px none; display: block; font-weight: 700; padding: 0px 5px 0px 34px; }
  .expander-loading div.expander-title div { background: transparent url('loading_expander.gif') no-repeat scroll 12px 5px; }
  .no-js .expander-title div { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; }
  .js .expander-content { display: none; }
  .expander-open .expander-content { display: block; }
  .expander-title h2, #dashboard-area .expander-title h2 { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.8; margin: 0px ! important; }
  .expander-title h2 span { color: rgb(51, 51, 51) ! important; font-weight: 400; }
  .expander-open .expander-title div { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 20px -4799px; }
  .expander-empty .expander-title, .expander-empty .expander-title h2, .expander-empty .expander-title button { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
  .expander-empty .expander-title div { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 20px -4694px; }
  .expander-empty .expander-title:hover { border-color: rgb(238, 236, 236); cursor: default; }
  .show-more { margin: 0px 0px 0px 19px; }
  .document-aside .expander-title div { padding-left: 4.25532%; }
  .document-aside .expander-content-inner { padding: 15px 4.25532% 10px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #enumeration { font-size: 1.1rem; line-height: 1.5; width: 100%; }
  #enumeration a { transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #enumeration a { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .col-main:hover #enumeration a { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); }
  #enumeration strong { text-transform: capitalize; }
  .Enumeration_lineskip { margin: 14px 0px 3px; }
}
.issue-item .action { display: block; }
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .facet { border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04); margin-top: 13px; }
  .facet-header { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset; padding: 6px 10px; position: relative; }
  .facet-header h3 { font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; }
  .facet-header .all { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; position: absolute; right: 10px; top: 7px; }
  .facet ol li { border-top: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); font-size: 1.1rem; position: relative; }
  .facet ol li:first-child { border-top: 0px none; }
  .facet ol li a { border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: block; overflow: hidden; position: relative; text-decoration: none; }
  .facet ol li a:focus { z-index: 999; }
  .facet-title { display: block; line-height: 1.1; padding: 5px 55px 5px 10px; position: relative; overflow-wrap: break-word; }
  .facet-amount { position: absolute; right: 10px; bottom: 5px; }
  .facet-percentage { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; display: block; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; text-indent: -999em; }
  .facet ol li a:hover { text-decoration: none; }
  .facet li a:hover .facet-title { color: rgb(238, 125, 17); }
  .facet-active .facet-title { color: rgb(238, 125, 17); font-weight: 700; padding-right: 25px; }
  .facet-active .facet-amount { display: none; }
  .facet-active a:hover .remove { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -8197px; }
  .facet-active a:active .remove { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -8139px; }
  .facet .remove { color: transparent; direction: ltr; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-indent: -9999em; text-transform: capitalize; background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -8255px; height: 14px; position: absolute; right: 9px; bottom: 4px; z-index: 5; width: 14px; }
  .facet-expanded { border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 24px auto; width: 99.8%; }
  .facet-expanded .facet-header { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(187, 188, 189); padding: 11px 20px; }
  .facet-expanded .facet-header h2 { font-weight: 700; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; }
  .facet-expanded .facet-header .btn { position: absolute; right: 8px; top: 5px; }
  .facet-expanded .functions-bar { border-radius: 0px; border: 0px none; margin: 0px; }
  .facet-expanded .facet-header + .functions-bar { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); margin-bottom: 1px; }
  .facet-expanded ol + .functions-bar { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); margin-top: 1px; }
  .facet-expanded li { font-size: 1.3rem; }
  .facet-expanded .facet-title { padding: 5px 18px; }
  #cboxLoadedContent .facet-expanded { box-shadow: none; margin: 0px; }
  #cboxLoadedContent .facet-expanded .functions-bar-top .field .error-message { bottom: auto; top: 28px; }
  #cboxLoadedContent .facet-expanded .functions-bar-top .field .error-message::after { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -4478px; bottom: auto; top: -12px; }
  .facet .highlight-area { background: rgb(238, 125, 17) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; display: block; height: 100%; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; z-index: 5; width: 100%; }
  .facet-expanded li a:active { background-color: rgb(238, 125, 17); }
  .facet-expanded li a:active .facet-title { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  .facet-expanded li a:active .facet-percentage, .facet-expanded li a:active .facet-amount { visibility: hidden; }
  .search-filter input { box-sizing: border-box; height: 24px; margin-left: 10px; padding-left: 7px; width: 43.3996%; }
  .search-filter input[type="text"] { margin-right: -1px; }
  .search-filter .search-submit { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9787px; border: 0px none; display: inline; margin-left: -5px; width: 24px; }
  .search-filter .search-submit:hover { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -8701px; }
  .search-filter .search-submit:active { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -8633px; }
  .search-filter .ui-autocomplete { left: 20px; line-height: 1; top: 28px ! important; width: 59.6745%; }
  .search-filter .ui-autocomplete li a { font-size: 1.3rem; }
  .publication-date-range { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border-top: 1px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); margin-top: -36px; padding: 35px 10px 10px; }
  #pub-date-graph {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #pub-date-graph { display: block; margin: 0px 10px 17px; }
  .lt-ie8 #pub-date-graph { display: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .tickLabel { font-size: 1.1rem; }
  .tickLabel:first-child { font-weight: 700; left: -16px ! important; }
  .tickLabel:last-child { font-weight: 700; left: auto ! important; right: -18px ! important; }
  .facet-link.loading .remove, .facet-link.loading:hover .remove, .facet-link.loading .facet-amount { display: none; }
  .facet-link .loading { height: 14px; position: absolute; right: 12px; top: 4px; width: 14px; z-index: 5; }
  #results .col-main .facet-link .loading { right: 0px; top: 1px; }
  #wrapper #content .facet-link.loading { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; }
  #global-search img.loading { height: 20px; position: absolute; right: 16px; top: 9px; width: 20px; z-index: 5; }
  img.loading { height: 14px; position: absolute; right: 7px; top: 5px; width: 14px; z-index: 5; }
  .search-filter img.loading { right: 262px; top: 10px; }
  #date-facet-submit-wrapper { float: left; position: relative; }
  #date-facet img.loading { left: 5px; top: 5px; }
  .search-filter .search-submit.loading, .search-filter .search-submit.loading:hover, .search-filter .search-submit.loading:focus, #date-facet .search-submit.loading, #date-facet .search-submit.loading:hover, #date-facet .search-submit.loading:focus { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9082px; }
  .bar-actions .search-submit.loading, .bar-actions .search-submit.loading:hover, .bar-actions .search-submit.loading:focus { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9655px; }
  .filtered-message { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset; margin-top: 14px; padding: 14px; position: relative; }
  .filtered-message p { font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.1; }
  .bars li { border-top: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 1.4rem; position: relative; }
  .bars li:first-child { border-top: 0px none; }
  .bars a { background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); display: block; position: relative; text-decoration: none; }
  .bars a:hover { background-color: rgb(228, 228, 228); }
  .bar-title { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: block; line-height: 1; padding: 6px 70px 6px 12px; position: relative; z-index: 10; }
  .bar-amount { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; right: 5px; bottom: 5px; z-index: 10; }
  .bar-percentage { background-color: rgb(202, 202, 202); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(202, 202, 202), rgb(185, 185, 185)); display: block; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; z-index: 5; text-indent: -999em; }
  .categories-tab { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); display: inline-block; float: left; font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 700; padding: 10px 0px; text-indent: 18px; width: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; }
  .lt-ie8 .categories-tab { width: 49%; }
  a.categories-tab { background: rgb(243, 243, 243) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(255, 255, 255), rgb(243, 243, 243)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(220, 220, 220); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; }
  a.categories-tab:hover, a.categories-tab:focus { background: rgb(237, 237, 237) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(250, 250, 250), rgb(237, 237, 237)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; color: rgb(1, 118, 195); text-decoration: none; }
  a.first-tab { border-left: 0px none; }
  a.last-tab { border-right: 0px none; }
  .categories-tab.disabled, .categories-tab.disabled:hover, .categories-tab.disabled:focus { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color transparent transparent; -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; }
  .categories .back-link { margin: 15px 0px 0px 20px; }
  .categories .box-header { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 2.2rem; margin: 15px 0px 10px 18px; }
  .categories { padding: 0px; }
  .categories ol { margin: 14px 0px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .categories ol { margin: 0px 14px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .categories li { border-radius: 2px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); margin-bottom: 1px; position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .categories li { border: 0px none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .categories li a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 8px -2303px; display: block; font-size: 1.6rem; margin: 0px; padding: 14px 0px 14px 24px; overflow-wrap: break-word; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .categories li a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 5px -2313px; padding: 4px 5px 4px 17px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .categories li a:hover { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 8px -2252px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .categories li a:hover { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 5px -2262px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .categories .categories-secondary li a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 12px -2305px; padding-right: 45px; font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.3; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .categories .categories-secondary li a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 4px -2315px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .categories .categories-secondary li a:hover { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 12px -2254px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .categories .categories-secondary li a:hover { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 4px -2264px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .categories .categories-secondary li a span { position: absolute; right: 16px; top: 15px; z-index: 5; font-size: 1.1rem; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .categories .categories-secondary li a span { right: 4px; top: 4px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .single-level li:hover, .multi-level li li:hover { background-color: rgb(1, 118, 195); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; }
  .single-level li:hover a, .multi-level li li:hover a { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; }
  .multi-level h3 { margin: 15px 0px 7px 4px; }
  .tab-content-first, .tab-content-last { clear: both; overflow: hidden; }
  .show-nav, .collapse-nav { box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px 18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; background: transparent url('double_arrow.png') no-repeat scroll 50% -18px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); display: none; height: 26px; margin: 15px 0px 0px; width: 100%; }
  .show-nav:hover { background-color: rgb(237, 245, 251); background-position: 50% -68px; }
  .collapse-nav { background-position: 50% 7px; }
  .collapse-nav:hover { background-color: rgb(237, 245, 251); background-position: 50% -43px; }
  .js .hide-nav { display: none; }
  .js .show-nav { display: block; }
  .ie6 .categories li a { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; padding: 4px 5px 4px 8px; }
  .js .multi-level ul { display: none; margin-left: 14px; }
  .js .multi-level ul a { width: auto; }
  .js .multi-level h3 { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); cursor: pointer; margin: -2px; padding: 4px 5px; }
  .js .multi-level h3::before { background: transparent url('expander_arrows.png') no-repeat scroll 4px -44px; content: ""; width: 16px; height: 18px; display: inline-block; }
  .js .multi-level h3:hover { background: rgb(1, 118, 195) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  .js .multi-level h3:hover::before { background-position: 4px -331px; }
  .js .multi-level h3.is-open::before { background-position: 0px 10px; }
  .js .multi-level h3.is-open:hover::before { background-position: 0px -384px; }
  .content-types { margin: -10px 0px 34px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .content-types { margin-left: 8px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .content-types h2 { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; padding: 5px 3% 5px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .content-types h2 { border-bottom: 0px none; border-right: 2px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); display: inline-block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .content-types h2 { padding-right: 26px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .lt-ie8 .content-types h2 { float: left; }
  .content-types h2 span {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .content-types h2 span { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .content-types a span { display: block; }
  .content-types a { border-right: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); display: inline-block; font-size: 1.6rem; padding: 6px 22px 6px 18px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .content-types a { padding: 6px 3% 6px 2%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .content-types a { padding: 6px 30px 6px 22px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .content-types a:last-child { border-right: 0px none; padding-right: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .flyout { float: left; display: inline-block; position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .flyout { float: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .lt-ie9 .flyout { float: left; }
  .flyout-caption { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; display: block; font-size: 1.1rem; margin-top: 3px; outline: 0px none; padding: 12px 0px 12px 16px; position: relative; border: 0px none; background-color: transparent; z-index: 5; }
  .flyout-caption:hover, .flyout-caption:focus { color: rgb(188, 188, 188); }
  .flyout-caption:focus { outline: 1px dotted; }
  .is-open .flyout-caption:focus { outline: 0px none; }
  .flyout-caption::before { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -5206px; display: block; content: ""; float: right; width: 7px; height: 5px; margin: 4px 5px 0px 9px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .flyout-caption::before { margin-right: 15px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .flyout-caption:hover::before { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -5157px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .flyout-caption { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); padding: 0px; }
  .flyout-caption:hover, .flyout-caption:focus { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
  .flyout-caption::before { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -5255px; }
  .flyout-caption:hover::before { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -5108px; }
  .lt-ie8 .flyout-caption { margin-right: 15px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .no-js .flyout:hover .flyout-caption, .is-open .flyout-caption { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
  .flyout-content { border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0px 5px 8px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); display: none; font-size: 1.2rem; padding: 3.4em 10px 0.5em; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; z-index: 5; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .flyout-content { min-width: 150px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .flyout-content { box-shadow: 0px 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); border-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); left: auto; right: 0px; top: -0.35em; z-index: 10; padding-top: 2em; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .flyout-content ul, .flyout-content ol { border-top: 1px solid rgb(228, 228, 228); padding-top: 4px; }
  .flyout-content li { font-size: 1.1rem; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .flyout-content li { font-size: 1.2rem; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .flyout-content li a { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); display: block; padding: 6px 9px; }
  .flyout-content li a:hover, .flyout-content li a:focus { background: rgb(241, 241, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  .no-js .flyout:hover .flyout-caption, .flyout.is-open .flyout-caption { z-index: 15; }
  .no-js .flyout:hover .flyout-content, .flyout.is-open .flyout-content { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .flyout--arrowTopLeft::before, .flyout--arrowTopLeft::after { content: ""; display: block; position: absolute; bottom: 100%; left: 25%; }
  .flyout--arrowTopLeft::before { height: 0px; width: 0px; border-bottom: 10px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); border-left: 10px solid transparent; border-right: 10px solid transparent; margin-left: -10px; }
  .flyout--arrowTopLeft::after { height: 0px; width: 0px; border-bottom: 9px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left: 9px solid transparent; border-right: 9px solid transparent; margin-left: -9px; }
  .flyout--arrowTopRight::before, .flyout--arrowTopRight::after { left: 90%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .default-form { border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); }
  .default-form + .default-form { border-top: 0px none; }
  .form-section { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px 18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; padding: 0px 28px 20px 20px; position: relative; }
  .form-section:last-of-type { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); }
  .form-row label { clear: both; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); display: block; font-weight: 700; padding: 20px 0px 7px; }
  .form-row label.error { color: rgb(195, 0, 0); padding: 8px 0px 0px; font-size: 1.1rem; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: 400; }
  .form-row input[type="text"], .form-row input[type="password"] { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .form-row input[type="text"], .form-row input[type="password"] { width: 97.4359%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .form-section .multiple-input { float: left; }
  .form-section .multiple-input:first-child { margin: 0px 34px 0px 0px; }
  .form-section .multiple-input label { width: 100%; }
  .form-section .multiple-input input { width: 94.382%; }
  .form-submit-section { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; padding: 12px 20px; }
  .form-submit-section .btn { margin: 0px 12px 0px 0px; }
  .form-section .btn { margin: 12px 12px 0px 0px; }
  .form-section .btn-gray { top: 1px; position: relative; }
  .form-section .success-message, .form-section .error-message { margin-bottom: 20px; }
  .form-section input.error { border: 1px solid rgb(196, 6, 6); box-shadow: 0px 0px 3px rgb(196, 6, 6); }
  .js-validation label.error span { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) url('cross_error.png') no-repeat scroll 6px center; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 6, 6); border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px -3px rgb(204, 204, 204); display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 12px 7px 26px; }
  .js-validation.neutral-registration label.error { padding: 0px; position: relative; width: 100%; }
  .js-validation.neutral-registration label.error.tick { margin-top: 5px ! important; }
  .js-validation.neutral-registration label.error::after { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; }
  .js-validation label.error {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .js-validation label.error { padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; position: absolute; width: 43.4%; }
  .js-validation label.error.error-4171 { padding: 8px 0px 0px; position: relative; width: auto; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .js-validation label.error::after {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .js-validation label.error::after { background: transparent url('error_tooltip_left.png') no-repeat scroll left center; top: 50%; content: ""; display: block; height: 23px; left: 1px; margin-top: -11px; position: absolute; width: 13px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .js-validation label.error.error-4171::after { display: none; }
  .ie8 .js-validation label.error { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; }
  .js-validation label.error-down::after { background: transparent url('error_tooltip_down.png') no-repeat scroll center bottom; bottom: -8px; left: 50%; top: auto; }
  .js-validation label.error.tick::after { display: none ! important; }
  .js-validation .form-section label.tick { background: transparent url('success_icon.png') no-repeat scroll 0px 0px; border: 0px none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; height: 15px; width: 16px; }
  .progress-bar { background: rgb(234, 234, 234) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-radius: 8px; height: 10px; position: absolute; width: 76px; }
  .progress-bar span { border-radius: 8px; display: block; height: 10px; transition: all 0.5s ease 0s; width: 0px; }
  .is0 span { width: 0px; }
  .is10 span { width: 10%; }
  .is20 span { width: 20%; }
  .is30 span { width: 30%; }
  .is40 span { width: 40%; }
  .is50 span { width: 50%; }
  .is60 span { width: 60%; }
  .is70 span { width: 70%; }
  .is80 span { width: 80%; }
  .is90 span { width: 90%; }
  .is100 span { width: 100%; }
  .bad span { background-color: rgb(255, 117, 117); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(196, 6, 6), rgb(255, 117, 117)); }
  .weak span { background-color: rgb(255, 226, 130); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(255, 204, 0), rgb(255, 226, 130)); }
  .good span { background-color: rgb(87, 200, 64); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(27, 157, 1), rgb(87, 200, 64)); }
  #login-register .default-form { max-width: 438px; }
  #login-register .form-section p { margin: 20px 0px 0px; }
  #login-register .alert h2 { margin-top: 0px; }
  .form-layout-2.form-section { padding: 20px 0px 0px; }
  .form-layout-2 .form-row { clear: both; padding: 0px 28px 0px 20px; position: relative; }
  .form-layout-2 .form-row::before, .form-layout-2 .form-row::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .form-layout-2 .form-row::after { clear: both; }
  .form-layout-2 .form-row label { display: block; margin: 7px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .form-layout-2 .form-row label { clear: none; display: inline-block; margin: 14px 4.86891% 14px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: right; width: 20.5993%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .form-layout-2 .form-row label.error {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .form-layout-2 .form-row label.error { display: block; margin: 0px 0px 7px 25.2809%; max-width: 320px; text-align: left; width: 59.9251%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .form-layout-2 .form-row p { display: block; padding: 4px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .form-layout-2 .form-row p { display: inline-block; width: 59.9251%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .form-layout-2 .form-section-divider { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px 18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; padding: 5px 28px 14px 20px; }
  .form-layout-2 .form-row .warning-message, .form-layout-2 .form-row .warning-message a { color: rgb(196, 6, 6); }
  .form-layout-2 .form-row .warning-message a { text-decoration: underline; }
  .form-layout-2 .form-row .warning-message, .form-layout-2 .form-row .success-message { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; border: 0px none; clear: both; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 14px 26.2172%; padding: 0px; }
  .form-layout-2 .form-row input[type="text"], .form-layout-2 .form-row input[type="password"] {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .form-layout-2 .form-row input[type="text"], .form-layout-2 .form-row input[type="password"] { display: inline-block; margin-left: -5px; width: 59.5506%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .form-layout-2 .form-row span.label { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); display: inline-block; font-weight: 700; margin: 14px 26px 14px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: right; width: 110px; }
  html.js .editable-form .form-submit-section { display: none; }
  html.js .editing-form .form-submit-section { display: block; }
  html.js .form-layout-2 .form-row-editable input { display: none; }
  html.js .editing-form .form-row-editable input { display: inline-block; }
  html.js .editing-form .form-row-editable p, html.js .editing-form .form-row-editable .edit-link { display: none; }
  .ie6 .form-layout-2 .form-row-editable {  }
  .lt-ie8 .form-layout-2 .form-row-editable label { float: left; margin: 4px 26px 14px 0px; }
  .js .form-row-editable { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  .js .edit-field, .js .editing-form .edit-field:hover { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: default; }
  .js .edit-field:hover { background: rgb(244, 244, 244) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; cursor: pointer; }
  .form-row .edit-link {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .form-row .edit-link { padding: 0px 0px 0px 17px; position: absolute; top: 14px; right: 14px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .lt-ie8 .form-row .edit-link { top: 5px; }
  html.no-js .edit-link:hover, html.js .form-row-editable:hover .edit-link {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  html.no-js .edit-link:hover, html.js .form-row-editable:hover .edit-link { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -4179px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  html.no-js .editing-form .edit-link { display: none; }
  html.no-js .form-layout-2 .form-row-editable input, html.no-js .editable-form .form-submit-section { display: none; }
  html.no-js .editing-form .form-row-editable input { display: inline-block; }
  html.no-js .editing-form .form-submit-section { display: block; }
  .no-js .editing-form .form-row p#email-address-text, .no-js .editing-form .form-row p#first-name-text, .no-js .editing-form .form-row p#last-name-text { display: none; }
  .submit-edit { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -1805px; cursor: pointer; display: none; height: 24px; position: absolute; top: 10px; right: 40px; width: 24px; }
  .submit-edit:hover, .submit-edit:focus { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -1737px; }
  .submit-edit:active { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -1669px; }
  .cancel-edit { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -3357px; cursor: pointer; display: none; height: 24px; position: absolute; top: 10px; right: 11px; width: 24px; }
  .cancel-edit:hover, .cancel-edit:focus { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -3289px; }
  .cancel-edit:active { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -3221px; }
  .lt-ie8 .form-row .cancel-edit, .lt-ie8 .form-row .submit-edit { top: 1px; }
  .js-validation .form-layout-2 label.error { margin: 0px; max-width: 230px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; width: auto; }
  .editable-form .form-section { border-bottom: 0px none; }
  .default-form .change-password { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); }
  .form-layout-2 .change-password-link span.label { margin-bottom: 0px; }
  .editing-form .change-password-link { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); margin-top: 15px; }
  .form-layout-2 .change-password-link .success-message { margin-top: 7px; margin-bottom: 0px; }
  .change-password { background: rgb(243, 243, 243) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(255, 255, 255), rgb(243, 243, 243)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; display: none; }
  .editing-form .change-password { display: block; }
  .change-password .form-row input[type="password"] { width: 84.8315%; }
  .form-field { position: relative; margin-top: 14px; }
  .neutral-login-box .form-field, .neutral-registration .form-field { margin-top: 7px; }
  .form-field label { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-weight: 700; }
  .form-field input, .form-field select { box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; }
  .form-field.inline-field input { box-sizing: content-box; width: auto; margin: 2px; display: inline-block; }
  .form-field.inline-field select { box-sizing: content-box; width: auto; display: inline-block; }
  .form-fields-col2 {  }
  .form-fields-col2::before, .form-fields-col2::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .form-fields-col2::after { clear: both; }
  .form-fields-col2 .form-field { float: left; width: 47%; }
  .form-fields-col2 .form-field + .form-field { margin-left: 6%; }
  .neutral-login-box .form-fields-col2 .form-field, .neutral-registration .form-fields-col2 .form-field { float: none; width: auto; display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .neutral-login-box .form-fields-col2 .form-field, .neutral-registration .form-fields-col2 .form-field { float: left; width: 47%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .neutral-login-box .form-fields-col2 .form-field + .form-field, .neutral-registration .form-fields-col2 .form-field + .form-field { margin-left: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .neutral-login-box .form-fields-col2 .form-field + .form-field, .neutral-registration .form-fields-col2 .form-field + .form-field { margin-left: 5%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .form-fields-col3 {  }
  .form-fields-col3::before, .form-fields-col3::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .form-fields-col3::after { clear: both; }
  .form-fields-col3 .form-field { float: left; width: 30%; }
  .form-fields-col3 .form-field + .form-field { margin-left: 5%; }
  .form-submit { margin-top: 14px; }
  .form-submit::before, .form-submit::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .form-submit::after { clear: both; }
  .deposit-interruption.lb { height: 98%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .deposit-interruption.lb { width: 398px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .deposit-interruption.lb .help { font-size: 1.1rem; }
  #colorbox .deposit-interruption .form-submit-section { position: absolute; bottom: 20px; left: 20px; width: 100%; }
  .deposit-interruption form { display: inline; }
  .deposit-interruption label { font-weight: 400; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
  .deposit-interruption .form-field.inline-field input { margin: 11px 2px 2px 4px; }
  .deposit-interruption .form-submit-section { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 218); margin: 20px -20px -20px; }
  .deposit-interruption .form-submit-section .action { display: inline-block; }
  .login-box {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .login-box { width: 453px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .login-box p em { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
  .login-box .mod-bd a { font-size: 1.3rem; position: relative; top: 3px; }
  .login-box form { border: 1px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); margin: 15px 0px 12px; padding: 0px 20px; }
  .login-box .error-message { margin-top: 15px; }
  .login-box .form-submit-section { border-top: 1px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); margin: 15px -20px 0px; position: relative; }
  .login-box #auth-remember-label { display: block; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 7px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .login-box #auth-remember-label { position: absolute; top: 9px; right: 20px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .login-box #auth-remember-label em { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); display: block; font-size: 1.1rem; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; }
  .login-box #auth-remember-label input { position: relative; top: 2px; width: 14px; }
  .ie7 .login-box #auth-remember-label { text-align: right; }
  .success-header { background: transparent url('success_icon.png') no-repeat scroll left center; color: rgb(113, 171, 11); margin-top: 7px; padding-left: 26px; }
  .success-message { background: transparent url('success_icon.png') no-repeat scroll 5px 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(113, 171, 11); border-radius: 2px; color: rgb(113, 171, 11); display: block; font-size: 1.1rem; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.3 ! important; padding: 6px 6px 6px 33px; }
  .error-message { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) url('cross_error.png') no-repeat scroll 6px center; border: 1px solid rgb(196, 6, 6); border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px -3px rgb(204, 204, 204); color: rgb(195, 0, 0); display: block; font-size: 1.1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 12px 7px 26px; overflow-wrap: break-word; }
  .error { color: rgb(195, 0, 0); }
  .field { position: relative; }
  .field .error-message { box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14); line-height: 1.5; margin-left: -90px; position: absolute; left: 50%; bottom: 28px; width: 137px; overflow-wrap: break-word; }
  .field .error-message::after { background: transparent url('error_tooltip_down.png') no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; content: ""; display: block; height: 13px; margin-left: -12px; position: absolute; left: 50%; bottom: -13px; width: 25px; }
  .field .pagination-error { left: 52%; top: 28px; bottom: auto; }
  .field .pagination-error::after { background: transparent url('error_tooltip_up.png') no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; content: ""; display: block; height: 13px; margin-left: -12px; position: absolute; left: 50%; top: -13px; width: 25px; }
  #date-facet-fields .error-message { line-height: 1.5; z-index: 10; }
  .helper-text { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); display: block; font-size: 1.1rem; font-style: italic; margin: 4px 0px 0px; }
  #advanced-search form { margin: 20px 0px; }
  #advanced-search .form-section { max-width: 506px; width: 86.4957%; }
  #advanced-search input[type="text"] { width: 94.4%; }
  #advanced-search form h2 { font-size: 2rem; margin: 0px; padding: 20px 0px 0px; }
  #advanced-search label { font-weight: 400; }
  #advanced-search #date-facet { margin-top: 0px; }
  #advanced-search #date-facet::before, #advanced-search #date-facet::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  #advanced-search #date-facet::after { clear: both; }
  #advanced-search #date-facet input { display: inline; }
  #advanced-search #results-only-access { margin: 20px 0px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #advanced-search #results-only-access { width: 39.3281%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .no-js #advanced-search #results-only-access div { position: absolute; }
  #advanced-search #results-only-access label { padding: 0px; }
  .athens-shibboleth-login { display: inline-block; }
  .Input--alpha { height: 1.8em; width: 50%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .functions-bar { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset; border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); line-height: 1.8; margin-top: 17px; padding: 5px 10px; position: relative; z-index: 5; min-height: 24px; }
  .ie9 .functions-bar {  }
  .functions-bar .pagination { margin: 0px; position: absolute; right: 5px; top: 5px; }
  .functions-bar-bottom { margin-top: 5px; }
  .sorting label { font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 700; margin-right: 10px; }
  .sorting select { font-size: 1.1rem; }
  .sorting .btn { font-size: 1.1rem; height: 16px; line-height: 1.4; }
  .sorting .btn.selected { border-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-weight: 700; }
  .js .sorting .btn { display: none; }
  .no-js .sorting select { display: none; }
  .pagination { font-size: 1.1rem; }
  .pagination::before, .pagination::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .pagination::after { clear: both; }
  .pagination .prev, .pagination .next { background-repeat: no-repeat; color: transparent; direction: ltr; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-indent: -9999em; text-transform: capitalize; float: left; height: 24px; vertical-align: middle; width: 24px; }
  .pagination .prev { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -387px; margin-right: 10px; }
  .pagination .next { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -659px; margin-left: 10px; }
  .pagination a.prev:hover, .pagination a.prev:focus { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -251px; }
  .pagination a.prev:active { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -183px; }
  .pagination span.prev { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -319px; }
  .pagination a.next:hover, .pagination a.next:focus { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -523px; }
  .pagination a.next:focus, .pagination a.prev:focus { outline: 1px dotted rgb(153, 153, 153); }
  .pagination a.next:active { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -455px; }
  .pagination span.next { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -591px; }
  .pagination .page-nr { float: left; }
  .pagination input { font-size: 1.1rem; margin: 0px 2px; padding: 4px 3px; text-align: center; width: 44px; }
  .book-navigation-button { cursor: pointer; line-height: 2.2; height: 24px; padding-left: 25px; font-size: 1.1rem; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .book-navigation-button { line-height: 1.7; height: 21px; margin: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .book-navigation-button.inactive { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 10px -4581px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .book-navigation-button.inactive { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 10px -4584px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .book-navigation-button.active { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 8px -4747px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1px) and (max-width: 599px) {
  .book-navigation-button.active { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 10px -4581px; box-shadow: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .book-navigation-button.active { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 8px -4749px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .book-navigation-selection { display: none; box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px rgb(220, 220, 220); }
  .book-navigation-selection.active { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1px) and (max-width: 599px) {
  .book-navigation-selection.active { display: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .book-navigation-selection.inactive { display: none; }
  .book-navigation-grid { width: 100%; background: rgb(243, 243, 243) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; box-sizing: border-box; border-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px; z-index: 5; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1px) and (max-width: 599px) {
  .book-navigation-grid { margin-bottom: -1px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .book-navigation-grid > li { display: inline-block; border-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 10px; text-align: center; width: 7.14%; background-color: rgb(243, 243, 243); cursor: pointer; }
  .book-navigation-grid > li a { color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-weight: 400; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; }
  .mod-bd .book-navigation-grid > li { width: 20%; height: auto; padding: 20px 0px; }
  .book-navigation-grid > li:hover, .book-navigation-grid .active { background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(255, 255, 255), rgb(239, 239, 239)); box-shadow: 0px 4px 5px rgb(215, 215, 215) inset; }
  .lt-ie9 .book-navigation-grid > li:hover, .lt-ie9 .book-navigation-grid .active { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  .landscape.book-navigation-grid > li {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1px) and (max-width: 599px) {
  .landscape.book-navigation-grid > li { padding: 0.8em 0px ! important; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .get-access { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(255, 255, 255)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 218); margin: 0px auto; position: relative; }
  .get-access .mod-bd { overflow: hidden; text-align: center; }
  .get-access .mod-bd h2 { box-shadow: 0px -1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px -18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); padding: 0px 4px 12px 0px; margin: 6px -20px 20px; text-align: center; }
  .get-access img { display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 2px; }
  .get-access p { font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 7px 30px 0px; text-align: left; }
  .get-access #getaccess-webshop { margin-top: 7px; text-align: right; }
  .get-access .requested-access { box-shadow: 0px -1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px 18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); clear: both; display: none; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 7px; }
  .get-access .requested-access p { background: transparent url('success_icon.png') no-repeat scroll 0px 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 1.3rem; margin: 7px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 25px; }
  .get-access .journal-cover-small { float: left; width: 68px; height: 90px; margin-bottom: 20px; border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .get-access .journal-cover-small { margin: 0px 20px 20px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .get-access .content-pricing { margin: 0px 7px 12px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: left; clear: left; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .get-access .content-pricing { clear: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .get-access .content-pricing h3 { clear: both; float: left; font-size: 1.3rem; margin: 0px; text-align: left; }
  .get-access .content-pricing p { clear: both; float: left; margin: 0px; }
  .get-access .content-pricing .content-prices { font-size: 2rem; }
  .get-access .content-pricing .btn { font-size: 1.4rem; height: 28px; padding: 1px 12px 0px; min-width: 115px; margin: 0px; }
  .get-access .leaf-pricing p, .get-access .leaf-pricing h3 { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
  .get-access .price-disclaimer { color: rgb(119, 119, 119); font-size: 1.1rem; margin: 0px 0px 20px; }
  .get-access .get-access-footer { clear: both; border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); padding-top: 20px; }
  .get-access .get-access-footer p { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 1.4rem; margin: 0px; }
  .get-access .get-access-footer .btn { font-size: 1.2rem; float: right; }
  #content > .get-access {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #content > .get-access { margin-top: 86px; margin-bottom: 86px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .btn-close { display: none; }
  #cboxLoadedContent .btn-back { display: none; }
  #cboxLoadedContent .btn-close, #reader .btn-close { display: inline-block; }
  #cboxLoadedContent .get-access { border: 0px none; margin: 0px; }
  .ie7 #cboxClose { visibility: hidden; }
  .bar-wrapper .get-access { display: none; margin: 0px; width: auto; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .bar-wrapper .get-access { padding-left: 182px; padding-right: 182px; }
}
.ContentHeading { box-shadow: 0px -1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px -18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); padding: 0px 4px 7px 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 44px; }
.ContentHeading-h1 { margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 44px; padding: 0px 4px 7px 0px; }
.listHeading { font-size: 2rem; margin: 4px 0px 8px; }
.icon-container { display: inline-block; padding: 14px 14px 14px 30px; position: relative; vertical-align: top; }
.icon-container.info::before { content: ""; display: inline-block; height: 19px; width: 19px; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 12px; background-image: url('alert-info.png'); }
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .journal-stats { margin: 14px 0px; }
  .journal-stats::before, .journal-stats::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .journal-stats::after { clear: both; }
  .journal-stats li { display: inline-block; border-right: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); padding-right: 10px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; }
  .lt-ie8 .journal-stats li { float: left; }
  .journal-stats li:last-child { border-right: 0px none; padding-right: 0px; margin-right: 0px; }
  .journal-stats .journal-stats-value { font-size: 2.4rem; display: block; font-weight: 300; }
  .journal-stats .journal-stats-value.year { display: inline; }
  .journal-stats .journal-stats-label { font-size: 1.1rem; display: block; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: 300; margin-top: 5px; }
}
.DefaultList li { margin: 7px 0px; padding: 7px 0px; }
.DefaultList p { margin: 7px 0px; }
.DefaultList--indented li { padding-left: 20px; }
.DefaultList--border li { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); }
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .look-inside { display: none; min-height: 188px; position: relative; max-width: 170px; text-decoration: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .look-inside { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .look-inside > a { display: block; padding-bottom: 17px; text-decoration: none; min-width: 170px; position: relative; }
  .look-inside > a img { display: block; max-height: 203px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 203px; min-width: 153px; }
  .look-inside-cover { border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); position: relative; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2; }
  .look-inside-page { box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -2975px; border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); position: absolute; right: -2px; bottom: 0px; z-index: 1; }
  .look-inside-badge { background-color: rgb(238, 125, 17); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(238, 125, 17), rgb(224, 99, 16)); border: 1px solid rgb(224, 99, 16); border-radius: 0px 0px 0px 10px; box-shadow: -2px 2px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25), 0px 1px 0px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25) inset; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.1; padding: 6px 33px 6px 10px; position: absolute; right: -1px; bottom: 58px; z-index: 4; }
  .look-inside-badge::after { position: absolute; top: 6px; right: 7px; content: ""; width: 11px; height: 16px; background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -5994px; }
  #content #scroller .look-inside-interrupt { display: block; padding: 20px 40px; text-align: left; background: rgb(229, 229, 229) url('grdnt_grey_f8f8f8_e5e5e5.gif') repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(168, 168, 168) rgb(168, 168, 168); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; }
  #content #scroller .look-inside-interrupt h3 { font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 0.7em; }
  #content #scroller .look-inside-interrupt .col-1 { width: 50%; }
  #content #scroller .look-inside-interrupt .col-1 p { margin-bottom: 1em; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .lozenge { border-radius: 4px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.4; padding: 1px 5px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  .lozenge.lozenge--style1 { background: rgb(224, 99, 16) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  .lozenge.lozenge--style2 { background: rgb(168, 39, 100) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; }
  .lozenge.lozenge--style3 { background: rgb(113, 171, 11) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  .lozenge.lozenge--style4 { background: rgb(244, 244, 244) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); }
  .lozenge.lozenge--article-list { float: right; margin-left: 7px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .my-copy-price { display: inline-block; font-size: 2rem; margin: 5px 0px 10px; }
  .my-copy-price .curr { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
  .my-copy-btn { display: block; height: auto; white-space: normal; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .my-copy-btn { display: inline-block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .my-copy-btn::before { margin-left: -1em; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .partner-logos { font-size: 1.1rem; margin: 15px 0px 7px; }
  .partner-logos img { display: block; max-width: 175px; max-height: 70px; margin: 7px 0px 12px; }
  .partner-logos a { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .prompt-bar { background-color: rgb(70, 71, 77); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(79, 80, 86), rgb(61, 62, 66)); box-shadow: -2px -6px 22px 4px rgb(51, 51, 51); transition: padding 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; color: rgb(218, 219, 219); min-height: 18px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 12px 0px; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; text-align: center; text-shadow: 1px 1px 0px rgb(34, 34, 34); width: 100%; z-index: 20; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .prompt-bar { min-width: 960px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .prompt-bar a { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: underline; }
  .prompt-bar a:hover { text-decoration: none; }
  .prompt-bar p { margin: 0px 7px; }
  .prompt-wrapper { max-width: 960px; margin: 7px auto 0px; min-height: 43px; }
  .prompt-actions {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .prompt-actions { float: right; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .prompt-actions a { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(83, 84, 88); }
  .prompt-actions a:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(217, 218, 219); text-decoration: none; }
  .prompt-actions a:focus { text-decoration: none; }
  .prompt-actions button { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(56, 57, 61); border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 0px 1px 1px 0px rgb(95, 96, 101) inset, 0px 1px 1px 0px rgb(83, 84, 89); color: rgb(218, 218, 219); padding: 7px 12px; margin-left: 20px; text-shadow: 1px 1px 0px rgb(34, 34, 34); }
  .prompt-actions button:hover { border: 1px solid rgb(40, 41, 43); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  .prompt-actions button:active { border: 1px solid rgb(40, 41, 43); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: 0px 8px 14px -6px rgb(0, 0, 0) inset, 0px 1px 1px 0px rgb(83, 84, 89); }
  #redirect-prompt { display: none; min-height: 50px; padding: 0px; }
  .js #redirect-prompt { display: block; margin-top: -50px; }
  #redirect-prompt h1 { font-size: 2.4rem; margin: 30px 0px 0px; }
  #redirect-prompt p { font-size: 1.6rem; margin-top: 10px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #redirect-prompt p { float: left; line-height: 1; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #redirect-prompt .more-info-text { margin: 0px auto; max-width: 960px; padding: 0px 15px; overflow: hidden; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #redirect-prompt .more-info-text { padding: 0px; text-align: left; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #redirect-prompt .more-info-text p { font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.6; }
  #redirect-prompt .more-info-text a { font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: 400; }
  #redirect-prompt .more-info-text .external::after { background: transparent url('xkGKGBkZDQB0chiMI4dFMOAHUgcLIeiGk0TVgVIJoJNQlGAJokiCLcbXY4JzfpD6O5hwWIKCgAIMABuazu420UFvAAAAABJRU5Er') no-repeat scroll 0px 0px; text-shadow: 1px 1px 0px rgb(34, 34, 34); }
  .more-info-wrapper { box-shadow: 0px 5px 8px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25) inset, 0px -5px 8px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) inset; background: rgb(61, 62, 67) url('bg-mobile-menu.png') repeat scroll 0px 0px; display: none; padding: 0px 0px 30px; }
  #jsnotice p { overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; }
  #jsnotice p span { display: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #jsnotice p span { display: inline; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #chrome-prompt { display: none; }
  #chrome-prompt span { background: transparent url('remove_icons.png') no-repeat scroll 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 14px; position: absolute; top: 8px; right: 8px; text-indent: -10000px; width: 14px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .search-submit { background-repeat: no-repeat; color: transparent; direction: ltr; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-indent: -9999em; text-transform: capitalize; }
  .big-search { position: relative; }
  .big-search input { vertical-align: bottom; }
  .big-search .search-field { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(188, 188, 188); border-radius: 2px; box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.11) inset; height: 36px; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; padding-right: 52px; position: relative; }
  .lt-ie8 .big-search .search-field { width: auto; height: 35px; }
  .big-search.contains-new-search-link .search-field { padding-right: 107px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .big-search.contains-new-search-link .search-field { padding-right: 157px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .big-search.has-focus .search-field { border-color: rgb(1, 118, 195); box-shadow: 0px 0px 3px rgb(1, 118, 195); outline: 0px none; }
  .big-search .text { background-color: transparent; border: 0px none; border-radius: 2px; font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: 200; height: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.02em; padding: 5px 0px 2px 9px; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; box-shadow: none; }
  .big-search .text:focus { box-shadow: none; border: 0px none; outline: 0px none; }
  .lt-ie9 .big-search .text { width: 98%; height: 27px; line-height: 1.5; }
  .big-search .search-submit { background: rgb(1, 118, 195) url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9384px; border: 1px solid rgb(1, 118, 195); border-radius: 2px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 1.6rem; height: 36px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; z-index: 5; width: 52px; }
  .big-search .search-submit:hover, .big-search .search-submit:focus { border-color: rgb(2, 84, 138); background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9228px; }
  .big-search .search-submit:active { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9150px; border-color: rgb(2, 84, 138); }
  .lt-ie8 .big-search .search-submit { top: 1px; }
  .big-search .search-submit.loading, .big-search .search-submit.loading:hover, .big-search .search-submit.loading:focus { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9306px; }
  .big-search #global-search-new { color: rgb(188, 188, 188); font-size: 1.1rem; height: 27px; line-height: 2.5; position: absolute; right: 60px; top: 6px; z-index: 5; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; width: 40px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .big-search #global-search-new { width: auto; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .big-search #global-search-new:hover, .big-search #global-search-new:focus, .big-search #global-search-new:active { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
  .big-search #global-search-new:hover::before, .big-search #global-search-new:focus::before, .big-search #global-search-new:active::before { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -8255px; }
  .big-search #global-search-new::before { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -8371px; content: ""; display: inline-block; height: 14px; width: 14px; margin: 0px 6px 0px 16px; vertical-align: text-bottom; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .big-search #global-search-new::before { margin-left: 11px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .big-search #global-search-new::after { background: transparent url('png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAADCAYAAABS3WWCAAAAEElEQVQImWPYs2fPfwY4AAAnqAM0Zy8pUwAAAABJR') repeat-y scroll 0px 0px; content: ""; display: block; height: 27px; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 1px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .other-actions { display: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .other-actions { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .section-links h2 { overflow: hidden; }
  .section-links h2 .section-title { float: left; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .section-links h2 .section-title { float: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .version-history ol, .section-links ol, .other-actions ul { margin-right: 30px; }
  .version-history li a, .section-links li a, .other-actions li a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -2314px; display: block; line-height: 1.2; padding: 4px 5px 4px 14px; }
  .version-history li a.external::after, .section-links li a.external::after, .other-actions li a.external::after { margin-top: 4px; position: absolute; }
  .no-access .section-links ol { list-style-type: disc; padding-left: 1.5em; }
  .no-access .section-links li { padding: 4px 0px; line-height: 1.2; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .shout-out { margin: 0px 0px 21px; position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .shout-out { height: 36px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .shout-out p { line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); clear: both; font-size: 1.5rem; }
  .shout-out .shout-out-title { margin: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1px) and (max-width: 599px) {
  .shout-out .shout-out-title { margin-left: 45px; margin-bottom: 7px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .shout-out .shout-out-image { position: absolute; left: -8px; display: inline-block; background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -10263px; width: 63px; height: 48px; margin-top: -8px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
  .shout-out .shout-out-image { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -10355px; left: -70px; padding-left: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .shout-out .shout-out-image { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -10168px; left: -72px; height: 51px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .no-js .share { display: none; }
  .share { margin-bottom: 14px; }
  .share a { position: relative; display: inline-block; height: 24px; margin: 0px 7px 0px 0px; outline: 0px none; text-indent: -100000px; width: 24px; }
  .lt-ie8 .share a { display: block; float: left; }
  .share a:hover::after { background: rgb(0, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-radius: 3px; content: ""; height: 24px; opacity: 0.2; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 24px; }
  .ie8 .share a:hover::after { display: none; }
  #twitter { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -10629px; }
  #facebook { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -4962px; }
  #linkedin { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -5643px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .default-table { margin: 34px 0px 22px; position: relative; overflow-x: auto; width: 100%; }
  .default-table table { width: 100%; }
  .default-table caption { border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(220, 220, 218) rgb(220, 220, 218) rgb(220, 220, 220); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px; box-shadow: 1px -1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px -18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 1.6rem; padding: 20px 2.71739% 20px 15px; text-align: left; }
  .default-table caption span { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); display: block; font-size: 1.3rem; margin: 7px 0px 0px 32px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .default-table caption span { display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .default-table td, .default-table th { border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 218); color: rgb(102, 102, 102); padding: 15px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; }
  .default-table th { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; box-shadow: 1px 1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px -18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; border-top: 0px none; font-weight: 700; }
  .default-table .table-actions {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .default-table .table-actions { position: absolute; right: 12px; top: 22px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .default-table td .action { margin-right: 0px; }
  .default-table td a { font-size: 1.3rem; }
  .default-table tfoot td { font-size: 1.1rem; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 9px 15px; border: 0px none; }
  .default-table .table-links a { margin: 0px 12px; }
  .default-table .table-links a::before { content: "» "; }
  .default-table .table-actions-bottom { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(218, 219, 219) rgb(218, 219, 219); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; min-height: 15px; padding: 15px; position: relative; }
  .default-table .table-actions-bottom .table-actions { position: absolute; right: 12px; top: 12px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .sortable-table th { cursor: pointer; padding: 0px; }
  .sortable-table th a { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); display: block; margin: 0px 15px 0px 0px; outline: 0px none; padding: 15px 0px 15px 15px; text-decoration: none; }
  .sortable-table th.sorted-ascending, .sortable-table th.sorted-descending { box-shadow: 0px 5px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) inset; }
  .sortable-table th:hover { background: rgb(237, 237, 237) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(250, 250, 250), rgb(237, 237, 237)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; }
  .sortable-table th:hover a, .sortable-table th a:focus, .sortable-table th.sorted-ascending a { background: transparent url('expander_arrows_001.png') no-repeat scroll right -253px; }
  .sortable-table th.sorted-descending a { background: transparent url('expander_arrows_001.png') no-repeat scroll right -142px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .deposit-contracts caption { padding-right: 15px; }
  .deposit-contracts caption span {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .deposit-contracts caption span { float: right; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .deposit-contracts th:first-child { width: 224px; }
  .deposit-contracts th span:first-child { float: left; width: 50px; }
  .deposit-contracts th span.last, .deposit-contracts td span.last { float: right; margin: 0px 25px 0px 0px; text-align: right; width: 50px; }
  .deposit-contracts .progress-bar { margin: 3px 0px 0px; position: relative; width: 200px; }
  .deposit-contracts td a { display: inline-block; font-size: 1.1rem; margin: 4px 0px 0px 14px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .member-list caption { padding-right: 45.2899%; }
  .member-list th:last-child, .member-list th:nth-child(5) { width: 80px; }
  .member-list th:last-child a, .member-list th:nth-child(5) a { width: 80px; }
  .sortable-table th.remove-member { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); cursor: default; }
  td.remove-member a { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -3357px; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; height: 24px; outline: 0px none; margin: 0px; text-indent: -99999px; width: 24px; }
  td.remove-member a:hover, td.remove-member a:focus { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -3289px; }
  td.remove-member a:active { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -3221px; }
  .lt-ie8 td.remove-member a { display: block; }
  .default-table .remove-member, .member-list th:nth-child(5), .member-list td:nth-child(5) { text-align: center; }
  .new-user-link { text-align: right; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .tabs { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1; margin: 20px 0px 36px; }
  .tabs::before, .tabs::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .tabs::after { clear: both; }
  .tabs li { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border-right: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset; margin-bottom: -1px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .tabs li { float: left; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .tabs li:first-child { border-left: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); }
  .tabs li.active span { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
  .tabs a, .tabs span { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: block; padding: 11px 20px; text-shadow: 1px 1px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); transition: all 0.15s ease-in-out 0s; }
  .tabs a:hover { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); text-decoration: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .topical-collection { margin: 7px 0px 0px; }
  .topical-collection a { font-size: 1.2rem; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); display: block; line-height: 1.4; }
  .col-main:hover .topical-collection a { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #toolbar { margin-bottom: 14px; }
  #toolbar::before, #toolbar::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  #toolbar::after { clear: both; }
  #journal #toolbar { position: absolute; top: 24px; right: 7px; z-index: 10; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #journal #toolbar { top: 14px; right: 14px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #journal #toolbar { right: 20px; top: 220px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #tools {  }
  #tools div { float: left; height: 24px; padding-left: 4px; position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #tools div { margin-left: 10px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #tools a { cursor: pointer; float: left; text-decoration: none; position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #tools a { margin: 0px 0px 0px 7px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #tools a .icon { background-repeat: no-repeat; color: transparent; direction: ltr; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-indent: -9999em; text-transform: capitalize; float: left; height: 24px; width: 24px; }
  #tools a .tooltip { margin-left: -102px; top: 36px; width: 178px; }
  #tools a:hover .tooltip {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #tools a:hover .tooltip { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #journal #tools { transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; margin: -16px 0px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #journal #tools { float: right; margin: 0px 0px -24px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #journal #tools { margin: 18px 0px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #tool-email .icon { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -6401px; }
  #tool-email:hover .icon { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -6333px; }
  #tool-email:active .icon { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -6265px; }
  #tool-print .icon { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -8013px; }
  #tool-print:hover .icon { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -7945px; }
  #tool-print:active .icon { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -7877px; }
  #tool-rss .icon { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -8565px; }
  #tool-rss:hover .icon { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -8497px; }
  #tool-rss:active .icon { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -8429px; }
  #tool-download { display: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #tool-download { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #tool-download .icon { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -4007px; }
  #tool-download:hover .icon { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -3939px; }
  #tool-download:active .icon { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -3661px; }
  #tool-twitter .icon { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -10629px; }
  #tool-facebook .icon { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -4962px; }
  #tool-linkedin .icon { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -5643px; }
  #tool-mendeley .icon { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -6469px; }
  #tools-social a { margin-top: 4px; }
  #tools-social a .icon { height: 16px; width: 16px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .tooltip { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); color: rgb(102, 102, 102); display: none; font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.3; margin-left: -60px; margin-top: -12px; padding: 13px; position: absolute; left: 50%; top: 8px; z-index: 15; width: 100px; overflow-wrap: break-word; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .tooltip { margin-left: -127px; margin-top: 0px; width: 230px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .tooltip::before { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -10573px; content: ""; display: block; height: 12px; width: 23px; margin-left: -11px; position: absolute; top: -12px; left: 50%; }
  .help { background: transparent url('png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAMAAAABCAYAAAAb4BS0AAAAD0lEQVQImWNgYGD4zwAFAAkEAQAd1+6MAAAAAElFT') repeat-x scroll left bottom; cursor: help; position: relative; }
  .help:hover .tooltip { display: block; }
  .js .help:hover .tooltip { display: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .green-light, .amber-light, .red-light { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -858px; display: block; height: 10px; width: 15px; }
  .amber-light { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -966px; }
  .red-light { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -912px; }
  .traffic-light { margin: 0px 0px 25px; }
  .traffic-light li { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); margin: 7px 0px; }
  .traffic-light li > span { float: left; margin: 3px 7px 0px 0px; }
  .traffic-light strong span { font-weight: 400; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .version { margin: 14px 0px 3px; font-size: 1.1rem; line-height: 1.5; }
  .version .version-info { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
  .version .version-info.version-info_latest { margin-left: 11px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .version-history .version-message { margin: 20px 0px 18px; display: block; line-height: 1.2; }
  .version-history .version-latest { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
  .version-history ol { margin-top: 5px; display: none; }
  .version-history ol li { margin-left: 20px; }
  .version-history ol a { display: inline-block; }
  .version-history ol .selected span.version-history-date { line-height: 1.2; padding: 4px 5px 4px 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -1980px; }
  .toggle-collapse-down { padding-left: 20px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(1, 118, 195); cursor: pointer; background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -4644px; }
  .toggle-collapse-down.open { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -4805px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #dashboard-area { padding: 0px 2.22%; }
  #dashboard-area .more { clear: both; font-size: 1.1rem; line-height: 1.4; margin: 30px 0px 12px; text-align: left; width: 60%; }
  #dashboard-area .more a::before { content: "» "; }
  #dashboard-area h1 { display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 0px; }
  #dashboard-area h2 { margin: 36px 0px 14px; }
  .intro-text { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 14px; width: 68%; }
  .select-organisation { display: inline-block; margin: 6px 6px 0px 1em; max-width: 400px; position: relative; top: -4px; }
  .select-organisation label { font-size: 1.1rem; }
  .select-organisation .submit { display: none; }
  .no-js .select-organisation .submit { display: inline; }
  #upload-logo h2, #order-content h2, #enforced-login h2 { box-shadow: 0px -1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px -18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); padding: 0px 4px 7px 0px; }
  .reports-feat-list { margin: 22px 0px 0px; }
  .reports-feat-list::before, .reports-feat-list::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .reports-feat-list::after { clear: both; }
  .reports-feat-list > li { width: 169px; height: 221px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .reports-feat-list > li { float: left; margin-left: 62px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .reports-feat-list li:first-child { margin-left: 0px; }
  .reports-feat-list li.disabled { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); opacity: 0.6; }
  .reports-feat-list li > div { background: transparent url('report_cover.png') no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; box-shadow: 4px 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); box-sizing: border-box; height: 208px; padding: 12px 16px 16px 14px; width: 159px; position: relative; }
  .ie6 .reports-feat-list li div { background: transparent url('report_cover.png') no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; height: 208px; padding: 12px 16px 16px 14px; width: 130px; position: relative; }
  .ie6 .reports-feat-list li div div { background: rgb(56, 160, 229) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; height: 21px; padding: 1px 10px 0px; position: absolute; bottom: 40px; width: 100px; }
  .ie6 .reports-feat-list li { float: left; margin-left: 20px; width: 169px; height: 221px; }
  .ie6 .reports-feat-list li ul li { float: none; margin-left: 0px; width: auto; height: auto; }
  .ie7 .reports-feat-list li > div { width: 135px; height: 185px; }
  .reports-feat-list h3 { font-size: 2.4rem; margin: 0px; text-align: right; }
  .reports-feat-list h4 { font-weight: 700; margin-top: 40px; }
  .reports-feat-list p { margin-top: 14px; }
  .reports-feat-list .btn { margin-top: 14px; position: absolute; bottom: 20px; left: 14px; }
  .reports-archive .default-form { margin-bottom: 30px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .reports-archive .default-form { width: 66.6667%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .reports-archive .default-form .form-section { max-width: 100%; }
  .entitlements-links { margin: 7px 0px 0px; }
  .entitlements-links a { margin: 0px 7px 0px 0px; }
  .entitlements-links a::before { content: "» "; }
  .entitlements caption { padding-right: 45.2899%; }
  .entitlements td:first-child { text-transform: lowercase; }
  .entitlements td:first-child::first-letter { text-transform: uppercase; }
  .entitlements td:first-child, .entitlements th:first-child { width: 60%; }
  .entitlements td:nth-child(2) { line-height: 1.8; }
  .entitlements td:last-child { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
  .entitlements td a::before { content: "» "; }
  .all-materials { background: rgb(237, 237, 237) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(250, 250, 250), rgb(237, 237, 237)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; }
  .js .entitlements caption { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); cursor: pointer; }
  .js .entitlements caption:hover { background: rgb(237, 237, 237) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(250, 250, 250), rgb(237, 237, 237)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; }
  .js .entitlements caption::before { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 2px -4803px; content: ""; display: inline-block; height: 14px; width: 14px; margin: 0px 15px 0px 0px; }
  .js .entitlements caption.closed::before { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 4px -4642px; }
  .steps { margin: 30px 0px; width: 73.3333%; }
  .steps li { border-top: 1px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); color: rgb(183, 183, 183); font-size: 3rem; font-weight: 700; padding: 7px; }
  .steps li:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); }
  .steps li span { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: 400; margin-left: 7px; position: relative; top: -4px; }
  .generate-code { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); border-radius: 3px; padding: 15px; }
  .generate-code span { font-size: 2.2rem; background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -5301px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); display: inline-block; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1; letter-spacing: 0.02em; margin: 0px 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 28px; position: relative; top: 4px; text-shadow: 1px 1px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  #account-details h1 { margin: 30px 0px 10px; }
  #account-details h2 { font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.8; margin-top: 42px; }
  .add-association { border-bottom: 0px none; }
  .add-association #association-code {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .add-association #association-code { margin-left: -5px; width: 44.3243%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .add-association .btn {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .add-association .btn { margin: 12px 0px 0px 14px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .lt-ie8 .add-association .btn { line-height: 1; margin: 0px 0px 7px 3px; position: relative; top: 4px; }
  .add-association .helper-text { margin: 7px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .add-association .helper-text { margin: 0px 0px 18px 25.28%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .add-association .helper-text em { color: rgb(113, 171, 11); }
  .add-association .organisation-details { font-weight: 400; }
  .add-association .organisation-details span:first-child { display: inline-block; margin: 0px 15px 0px 0px; text-align: right; width: 100px; }
  #account-details .add-organisation-details { background: rgb(243, 243, 243) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(255, 255, 255), rgb(243, 243, 243)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px 18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; padding-top: 15px; }
  #account-details .add-organisation-details .form-section { box-shadow: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #account-details .add-organisation-details .form-section { max-width: 507px; width: 507px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #account-details .add-organisation-details .helper-text { margin: 7px 0px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #account-details .add-organisation-details .helper-text { width: 380px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #account-details .add-organisation-details .btn { margin: 0px 20px 0px 0px; }
  #account-details .add-organisation-details label span { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 400; }
  .add-organisation-details ul li { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-weight: 700; padding: 7px 0px; position: relative; }
  .add-organisation-details .success-message { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; border: 0px none; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 7px 0px 0px; max-width: 440px; padding: 0px; }
  .ie6 .highlight-area { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; }
  #account-details .organisation-list { border-left: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); border-right: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); }
  #account-details .organisation-list ul { margin: 0px; padding: 15px 20px; }
  #account-details .organisation-list ul li { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-weight: 700; padding: 7px 0px; position: relative; }
  #account-details .organisation-list ul li a { margin: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #account-details .organisation-list ul li a { position: absolute; top: 7px; right: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #account-details .organisation-list ul li em { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
  #account-details .organisation-list .form-section ul { padding: 0px; }
  #account-details .organisation-list .success-message { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; border: 0px none; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.5; max-width: 440px; padding: 20px 0px 0px 20px; }
  #account-details .organisation-list .loading { top: 8px; right: -16px; }
  #account-details .organisation-list .highlight-area { background: rgb(179, 220, 245) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(215, 236, 250), rgb(179, 220, 245)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; display: block; height: 100%; position: absolute; left: -5px; top: 0px; z-index: 5; width: 515px; }
  #account-details .organisation-list .add-organisation-details { border: 0px none; padding: 15px 0px 0px; }
  #account-details .organisation-list .organisation-section { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px 18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; position: relative; }
  #account-details .organisation-list .organisation-details { font-weight: 400; }
  #account-details .organisation-list .organisation-details span:first-child { display: inline-block; margin: 0px 15px 0px 0px; text-align: right; width: 100px; }
  .enforced-login .error-message { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.4; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 15px; width: 64.4444%; }
  .bad-toggles { border-top: 1px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .bad-toggles { width: 68%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .bad-toggles th { vertical-align: top; }
  .bad-toggles a { color: transparent; direction: ltr; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-indent: -9999em; text-transform: capitalize; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgb(215, 215, 215) inset; border-radius: 2px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(168, 168, 168) rgb(213, 213, 213) rgb(217, 217, 217); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; background: rgb(235, 235, 235) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; cursor: pointer; height: 19px; margin: 7px auto 0px; outline: 0px none; width: 19px; }
  .bad-toggles a:hover { box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgb(215, 215, 215) inset, 0px 0px 4px rgb(196, 6, 6); border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 6, 6) rgb(194, 6, 6); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; }
  .bad-toggles a.toggled-on { box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgb(218, 9, 9) inset, 0px 0px 0px 1px rgb(226, 226, 226); background-color: rgb(239, 10, 10); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(239, 10, 10), rgb(200, 6, 6)); border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(191, 6, 6) rgb(194, 6, 6); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; }
  .lt-ie8 .bad-toggles a.toggled-on { background: rgb(239, 10, 10) url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -1873px; }
  .bad-toggles a.toggled-on::before { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -1873px; content: ""; display: block; margin: 4px 2px; width: 15px; height: 12px; }
  .toggle-switches { border-top: 1px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .toggle-switches { width: 46.6667%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .toggle-switches a { color: transparent; direction: ltr; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-indent: -9999em; text-transform: capitalize; background: transparent url('toggle_switch.png') no-repeat scroll right 0px; cursor: pointer; height: 16px; margin: 7px auto 0px; outline: 0px none; width: 36px; }
  .toggle-switches a.toggled-on { background: transparent url('toggle_switch.png') no-repeat scroll left 0px; }
  #upload-logo {  }
  #upload-logo::before, #upload-logo::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  #upload-logo::after { clear: both; }
  #upload-logo h2 { margin-top: 0px; }
  #upload-logo .col {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #upload-logo .col { float: left; width: 50%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #upload-logo .company-logo-list { margin: 25px 0px 0px; }
  #upload-logo .company-logo-list::before, #upload-logo .company-logo-list::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  #upload-logo .company-logo-list::after { clear: both; }
  #upload-logo h3 { margin-bottom: 9px; }
  #upload-logo .company-logo-list h3 { float: left; }
  #upload-logo .company-logo-list select { margin: 6px 0px 0px 7px; }
  .js #upload-logo .company-logo-list input { display: none; }
  #upload-logo .default-form { width: 93.0958%; }
  #upload-logo input[type="file"] { height: 24px; }
  #upload-logo label.error { left: 7px; top: -8px; }
  #upload-logo .form-section p { margin: 7px 0px 0px; }
  #your-logos { margin: 32px 0px 0px; }
  #logo-list { border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); padding: 20px; }
  #logo-list::before, #logo-list::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  #logo-list::after { clear: both; }
  #logo-list li { border-top: 1px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); padding: 3px 0px 10px; }
  #logo-list li::before, #logo-list li::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  #logo-list li::after { clear: both; }
  #logo-list li:first-child { border-top: 0px none; }
  #logo-list p { margin: 0px 0px 15px; }
  .logo-img { display: inline-block; float: left; }
  #logo-list h4 { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 1.2; font-weight: 700; margin: 7px 0px; text-align: left; }
  .logo-img img { border: 1px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); padding: 7px; max-height: 50px; max-width: 160px; }
  #logo-list .remove-logo { color: transparent; direction: ltr; display: block; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-indent: -9999em; text-transform: capitalize; background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -3357px; border: 0px none; float: right; height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 7px; vertical-align: top; width: 24px; }
  #logo-list .remove-logo:hover, #logo-list .remove-logo:focus { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -3289px; }
  #logo-list .remove-logo:active { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -3221px; }
  table#ip-ranges { width: 68%; }
  .under-construction-message { position: relative; margin: 18px 0px 28px; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 192, 0); border-radius: 3px; padding: 14px 14px 16px; background: rgb(255, 249, 224) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 450px; }
  .under-construction-message img { position: absolute; left: 14px; top: 14px; vertical-align: top; }
  .under-construction-message p { margin-left: 27px; line-height: 1.4; }
  .under-construction-message p strong { display: block; margin: 1px 0px 5px; }
  .under-construction-message a { display: inline; padding-right: 20px; }
  .under-construction-message a:last-child { padding: 0px; }
  .reports-feat-list li > div.new-report { border: 1px solid rgb(179, 220, 245); background: rgba(56, 160, 229, 0.1) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  .counter4 .reporting-level label { display: block; margin-bottom: 21px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
  .counter4 .reporting-level select { margin: 6px 0px 0px 7px; }
  .counter4 .reporting-level .download-consortium-members-link { margin: 7px 0px 0px 91px; display: block; }
  .counter4 .counter-reports {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .counter4 .counter-reports { width: 480px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .counter4 .counter-reports .form-field { margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 14px; }
  .counter4 .counter-reports .form-field.inline-label label { width: 77px; margin-right: 10px; display: inline-block; }
  .counter4 .counter-reports .form-field.inline-label input { box-sizing: content-box; width: auto; display: inline-block; }
  .counter4 .counter-reports .form-field.inline-label select { box-sizing: content-box; width: auto; display: inline-block; }
  .counter4 .counter-reports .form-field.inline-label select#reportingLevel { width: 100%; }
  .counter4 .counter-reports .form-field.inline-label span { padding: 0px 5px; }
  .counter4 .counter-reports .error-message { margin: 20px 0px 0px; }
  .admin-alert { width: 425px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .document-main { margin: 18px 0px; }
  .document-main h1 .cited-count { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3rem; }
  .document-main h1 .cited-count:hover { border-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none; }
  .document-main #subtitle { font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.4; margin: -5px 0px 21px; }
  .document-main .col-main h2 { margin-top: 20px; }
  .document-main .col-main h2 span { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); display: block; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 2rem; margin: 4px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .document-main .col-main h2 span { display: inline; margin: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .document-main .col-aside .aside { margin-top: 25px; }
  .document-main .col-aside .aside-title { box-shadow: 0px -1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px -18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); padding: 0px 4px 7px 0px; font-size: 1.4rem; margin-bottom: 10px; }
  .document-main .col-aside .aside-content { font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.4; padding-right: 35px; }
  .document-main .col-aside .aside-content li { margin-top: 3px; }
  .document-aside {  }
  .document-aside ol, .document-aside ul { margin-top: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .document-aside { margin-top: 50px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #content .look-inside-interrupt { display: none; }
  #content .excerpt-message { font-style: italic; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin-top: 2em; }
  .leaf-pricing .aggregate-pricing-wrapper h3 { margin: 0px; width: 270px; }
  .leaf-pricing .aggregate-pricing .btn { float: left; font-size: 1.5rem; height: 25px; margin-bottom: 7px; padding: 1px 0px 0px; min-width: 113px; text-align: center; }
  .leaf-pricing .aggregate-pricing .price-disclaimer { display: none; }
  .leaf-pricing .aggregate-pricing-wrapper { float: left; }
  .mod-bd .leaf-pricing .aggregate-pricing .btn { font-size: 1.4rem; float: right; }
  .topical-collection a { display: block; margin-top: 7px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .topical-collection a { margin-left: 7px; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 60%; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .topical-collection a { max-width: 75%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #crossMark a::before { content: ""; }
  #open-crossmark { display: inline-block ! important; }
  .ui-widget-overlay--override { position: fixed ! important; z-index: 100; }
  #crossMark.fulltext { float: right; margin: 25px 5.25% 0px 4.25%; }
  .abstract-content {  }
  .abstract-content .figure { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-indent: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; display: block; }
  .abstract-content .figure img { height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; }
  .abstract-content .media-object { display: block; }
  .abstract-content .media-object + .media-object { margin-top: 1em; }
  .abstract-content .equation { margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 100%; display: table ! important; }
  .abstract-content .equationContent { text-align: left; display: table-cell; }
  .abstract-content .equation-source { text-align: left; display: table-cell; }
  .abstract-content .MathJax_ExBox, .abstract-content .MathJax_EmBox { display: block ! important; }
  .abstract-content .section1 > h3, .abstract-content section2 > h3, .abstract-content section3 > h3 { font-family: Georgia,"New Century Schoolbook","Nimbus Roman No9 L",serif; font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: 0.02em; margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 7px; line-height: 1.2; }
  .fulltext-content .ArticleContextInformation, .fulltext-content .Categories, .fulltext-content .ChapterContextInformation, .fulltext-content .MainTitleSection, .fulltext-content .MainTitleSection, .fulltext-content .AuthorGroup, .fulltext-content .ArticleHistory, .fulltext-content .Abstract, .fulltext-content .KeywordGroup { display: none; }
  .fulltext-content, #fulltext-provided-abstracts { max-height: 1200px; overflow: hidden; }
  .fulltext-content.open, #fulltext-provided-abstracts.open { max-height: none; overflow: visible; }
  .fulltext-content .FulltextWrapper, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .FulltextWrapper { margin: 0px; }
  .fulltext-content .FulltextWrapper .Fulltext section:first-child, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .FulltextWrapper .Fulltext section:first-child { margin-top: 0px; }
  .fulltext-content .FulltextWrapper .Para, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .FulltextWrapper .Para { font-size: 1.3rem; }
  .fulltext-content .ArticleContextInformation, .fulltext-content .Categories, .fulltext-content .MainTitleSection, .fulltext-content .AuthorGroup, .fulltext-content .ArticleHistory, .fulltext-content .KeywordGroup, .fulltext-content .AbbreviationGroup, .fulltext-content .Heading, .fulltext-content .Para, .fulltext-content .Acknowledgments, .fulltext-content .ArticleOrChapterToc, .fulltext-content .ForeignLanguageHeader, .fulltext-content .SectionTypeWarning, .fulltext-content .Glossary, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .ArticleContextInformation, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .Categories, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .MainTitleSection, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .AuthorGroup, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .ArticleHistory, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .KeywordGroup, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .AbbreviationGroup, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .Heading, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .Para, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .Acknowledgments, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .ArticleOrChapterToc, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .ForeignLanguageHeader, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .SectionTypeWarning, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .Glossary { width: 100%; }
  .fulltext-content .RenderAsSection1::before, .fulltext-content .Biographies::after, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .RenderAsSection1::before, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .Biographies::after { width: 100%; }
  .fulltext-content .HeadingNumber, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .HeadingNumber { color: rgb(51, 51, 51) ! important; font-family: Georgia,"New Century Schoolbook","Nimbus Roman No9 L",serif ! important; font-size: 24px ! important; }
  .fulltext-content .ParaTypeOverview, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .ParaTypeOverview { box-sizing: border-box; }
  .fulltext-content .Citation > .CitationContent::before, #fulltext-provided-abstracts .Citation > .CitationContent::before { display: block; content: " "; margin-top: -40px; height: 40px; visibility: hidden; }
  .gradient-wash { background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 100%); bottom: 68px; position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 200px; }
  .show-fulltext { padding-left: 20px; margin: 35px 0px 20px; font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: 700; display: inline-block; color: rgb(1, 118, 195); cursor: pointer; background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -4644px; }
  .show-fulltext.open { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -4856px; }
  .fulltext-embed-action { padding-left: 20px; margin: 35px 0px 20px; font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: 700; display: inline-block; color: rgb(1, 118, 195); cursor: pointer; }
  .fulltext-embed-action.closed { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -4856px; }
  .fulltext-embed-action.open { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -4644px; }
  .hide-on-abstract { display: none; }
  .Metrics h2 { margin-bottom: 0px; }
  .book-metrics dt { padding-left: 35px ! important; }
  .book-metrics dt.citations { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -1114px; }
  .book-metrics dt.mentions { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -1250px; }
  .book-metrics dt.readers { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -1318px; }
  .book-metrics dt.reviews { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -1386px; }
  .book-metrics dt.downloads { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -1182px; }
  #abstract-references span.Occurrence { display: inline-block; margin-right: 0px; }
  #abstract-references .Occurrences { margin-left: 5px; }
}
.ArticleNote .SimplePara { line-height: 1.6em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
.col-main .ArticleContextInformation, .col-main .Categories, .col-main .MainTitleSection, .col-main .AuthorNames, .col-main .AuthorGroup, .col-main .ArticleHistory, .col-main .KeywordGroup, .col-main .AbbreviationGroup, .col-main .ArticleNote, .col-main .Heading, .col-main .Para, .col-main .Acknowledgments, .col-main .ArticleOrChapterToc, .col-main .ForeignLanguageHeader, .col-main .SectionTypeWarning, .col-main .Glossary { width: 100%; }
.col-main .Abstract > .Heading { margin: 7px 0px; }
.col-main .Footnote { margin: 14px 0px; }
.col-main .Footnote li { margin: 4px 0px; }
.col-main .Footnote sup { font-size: 1.4rem; margin-right: 7px; vertical-align: initial; }
.col-main .Footnote sup::after { content: "."; }
.col-main > .btn-monster { margin: 20px 0px 30px; }
.abstract-articleHistory .ArticleNote:first-of-type { border: 0px none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
.abstract-articleHistory .ArticleNote .FormalPara:first-child .Heading { margin-top: 0px; }
.abstract-articleHistory .ArticleNote p { font-style: normal; }
.abstract-articleHistory .ArticleNote .Heading { font-size: 1.3rem; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; }
.abstract-articleHistory .ArticleNote, .abstract-articleHistory .Para, .abstract-articleHistory .Heading { width: 100%; }
#papers-link { margin-top: 10px; display: block; }
.banner-container { font-size: 1.4rem; background-color: rgb(247, 251, 254); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(179, 220, 245); margin-top: 54px; }
#full-text-html-page .banner-container { margin-top: 0px; }
@media screen and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .banner-container { margin-top: 0px; margin-right: -11px; margin-left: -11px; }
}
.banner { font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; }
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
  .banner { width: 90%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
}
.banner-content { max-width: 980px; margin: 0px auto; padding: 10px; text-align: left; }
.banner-content::before, .banner-content::after { content: ""; display: table; }
.banner-content::after { clear: both; }
.banner-content__message { font-family: Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; display: block; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 5px; }
@media screen and (min-width: 755px) {
  .banner-content__message { display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .banner-content__message { display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 0px; }
}
.banner-content__message a:visited { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); }
.banner-content__link { font-family: Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; background-image: linear-gradient(-180deg, rgb(249, 249, 249) 0px, rgb(234, 234, 234) 60%); box-shadow: 0px 2px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset; border-radius: 2px; border: 1px solid rgb(188, 188, 188); color: rgb(102, 102, 102); display: inline-block; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5625; min-width: 100px; padding: 0.2em 14px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; }
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
  .banner-content__link { margin-right: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 755px) {
  .banner-content__link { float: right; }
}
.banner-content__link:hover { border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none; }
.banner-content__link:visited { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
.banner-content__link:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .aggregate-pricing h3 { font-size: 1.3rem; margin-bottom: 7px; }
  .aggregate-pricing .content-prices { font-size: 2rem; margin-bottom: 15px; }
  .aggregate-pricing .btn { margin-bottom: 15px; }
  .aggregate-pricing .price-disclaimer { font-size: 1.1rem; color: rgb(119, 119, 119); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .document-main { margin: 18px 0px; position: relative; z-index: 0; }
  .reader .document-main { z-index: 9999; }
  h1 .cited-count { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3rem; }
  h1 .cited-count:hover { border-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none; }
  .document-main .col-main h2 { margin-top: 20px; }
  .document-main .col-main h2 span { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); display: block; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.2rem; margin: 4px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .document-main .col-main h2 span { display: inline; margin: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .document-main #subtitle { font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.4; margin: -5px 0px 21px; }
  .document-main .editor-list, .document-main .author-list { margin: 0px 0px 7px; }
  .document-main .editor-list h2, .document-main .author-list h2 { display: inline; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: normal; }
  .document-main .editor-list ul, .document-main .author-list ul { display: inline; }
  .document-main .authors li, .document-main .editors li { display: inline; line-height: 1.5; }
  .document-main .authors a, .document-main .editors a { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
  .document-main .authors a:hover, .document-main .editors a:hover { border-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none; }
  .document-main .authors .show-all-hide-authors { display: none; }
  .document-main .authors .show-all, .document-main .authors .hide-some, .document-main .editors .show-all, .document-main .editors .hide-some { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); cursor: pointer; font-size: 1.1rem; text-decoration: underline; white-space: nowrap; }
  .document-main .authors .show-all:hover, .document-main .authors .hide-some:hover, .document-main .editors .show-all:hover, .document-main .editors .hide-some:hover { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
  .document-main .col-aside .aside { margin-top: 25px; }
  .document-main .col-aside .aside-title { box-shadow: 0px -1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px -18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); padding: 0px 4px 7px 0px; font-size: 1.4rem; margin-bottom: 10px; }
  .document-main .col-aside .aside-content { font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.4; padding-right: 35px; }
  .document-main .col-aside .aside-content li { margin-top: 3px; }
  #on-springer-com li a::before { content: "» "; }
  .show-all-authors, .hide-authors, .show-all-editors, .hide-editors { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: underline; }
  .document-aside {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .document-aside { margin-top: 50px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .document-aside .expander-title div { padding-left: 40px; }
  .document-aside .expander-content-inner { padding: 15px 4.25532% 10px; }
  .document-aside ol, .document-aside ul { margin-top: 0px; }
  #book-series .browse input.text { width: 100%; }
  #bookseries-onlinechapters .text-align-right { text-align: right; }
  #bookseries-onlinechapters .text-align-right > span.action { margin-right: 0px; cursor: pointer; }
  #journal-volumes-issues .col-main .tabs { margin-bottom: 0px; }
  #journal-volumes-issues .col-main .tabs li { float: left; }
  #journal-volumes-issues .col-main .tab-content { border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(220, 220, 220); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; padding: 20px 20px 0px; }
  #journal-volumes-issues .col-main .tab-content .expander { margin: 0px -20px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #journal-volumes-issues .col-main .tab-content { border: 0px none; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; }
  #journal-volumes-issues .col-main .tab-content .expander { margin: 5px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #journal-volumes-issues .col-main .meta + .expander { margin-top: 30px; }
  #journal-volumes-issues .col-main .expander-title div { padding-left: 40px; }
  .volumes .meta { margin: 35px 0px 20px; }
  .volumes .meta:first-child { margin-top: 0px; }
  .formatted .issues-list { padding-left: 0px; }
  .issues-list { margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; }
  .issues-list li { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px 12px 40px; position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .issues-list li { padding-right: 120px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .issues-list li:first-child { border-top: 0px none; }
  .online-first-link { margin-bottom: 20px; }
  .topical-collection-item { box-shadow: 0px -1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px -18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); overflow: hidden; padding: 0px 20px 20px; margin: 0px -20px 20px; }
  .topical-collection-item:last-child { border-bottom: 0px none; margin-bottom: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .topical-collection-item { margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; }
  .topical-collection-item:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .document-main .col-main h2.topical-collection-item__title { margin-top: 0px; }
  .topical-collection-item__article-count { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); float: right; }
  .journal-history-link { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); text-decoration: underline; }
  .document-margin {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .document-margin { margin-left: 4.25532%; margin-right: 4.25532%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .issues-list-loading { margin: 20px 40px 10px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #home #intro h2 { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia,"New Century Schoolbook","Nimbus Roman No9 L",serif; font-size: 3rem; line-height: 1.1; margin: 4px 0px 0px; }
  #home #intro h2 span { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); }
  #newest { margin: 0px 0px 20px; min-height: 160px; position: relative; }
  #newest a { border-radius: 2px; transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; display: inline-block; margin: 0px 2.2% 0px -2px; padding: 2px 4px 20px 2px; width: 19.1%; }
  #newest a:hover, #newest a:focus { background-color: rgb(250, 227, 205); text-decoration: none; }
  #newest a:hover img, #newest a:focus img { border-color: rgb(245, 184, 127); }
  #newest a:hover .textbox, #newest a:focus .textbox { display: block; position: absolute; top: -50%; left: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #newest a:hover .textbox, #newest a:focus .textbox { top: auto; left: auto; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
  #newest a:hover, #newest a:focus { background-color: transparent; }
  #newest a:hover img, #newest a:focus img { border-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); }
  #newest a:hover .textbox, #newest a:focus .textbox { display: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #newest a .textbox { display: none; z-index: 10; }
  #newest .img-wrapper { position: relative; }
  #newest .img-wrapper::after { content: ""; display: block; height: 15px; width: 24px; background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -7374px; position: absolute; right: 0px; bottom: -19px; }
  #newest img { box-shadow: 3px 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom; }
  #newest .textbox { background-color: rgb(238, 125, 17); border-radius: 2px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; font-family: Georgia,"New Century Schoolbook","Nimbus Roman No9 L",serif; font-size: 2rem; line-height: 1.1; padding: 15px; overflow-wrap: break-word; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #newest .textbox { padding-right: 10%; position: absolute; right: 0px; bottom: 20px; z-index: 5; width: 39.1%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #newest .textbox .title { color: rgb(250, 227, 205); }
  #newest .textbox .date { font-size: 1.3rem; }
  body.company #newest .textbox { background-color: rgb(168, 39, 100); }
  body.company #newest .textbox .title { color: rgb(198, 133, 164); }
  body.company #newest a:hover { background-color: rgb(198, 133, 164); }
  body.company #newest a:hover img { border-color: rgb(168, 39, 100); }
  .teaser { border-left: 8px solid rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-top: 21px; padding: 0px 40px 0px 20px; position: relative; }
  .teaser h3 { font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 700; padding-top: 5px; }
  .teaser p { font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.4; }
  .teaser .stats { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 1.2rem; margin-top: 5px; position: absolute; right: 40px; top: 0px; }
  .teaser .content-type { font-size: 1.1rem; }
  .teaser .title { margin-top: 3px; }
  .teaser .title a { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
  .teaser .enumeration { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 3px; }
  .featured { margin-top: 35px; }
  .featured h2 { box-shadow: 0px -1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px -18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); padding: 0px 4px 7px 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; }
  .featured ul {  }
  .featured ul::before, .featured ul::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .featured ul::after { clear: both; }
  .featured li { display: inline-block; margin-left: 9.356%; position: relative; z-index: 5; width: 15.809%; }
  .featured li a { display: block; }
  .lt-ie8 .featured li { display: block; float: left; }
  .featured li:first-child { margin-left: 0px; }
  .featured li:hover { z-index: 15; }
  .ie7 .featured li:hover { z-index: 5; }
  .featured li:hover .tooltip { display: block; top: 110px; }
  .featured .content-type { color: rgb(119, 119, 119); font-size: 1.1rem; }
  .featured h3 { font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 3px; }
  .featured .coverage { color: rgb(119, 119, 119); font-size: 1.2rem; margin-top: 7px; }
  .featured .meta { font-size: 1.2rem; margin-top: 7px; }
  .featured .meta a { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
  .featured .date { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
  #industry-sector #intro p, #industry-sector .featured { display: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #industry-sector #intro p, #industry-sector .featured { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 1px) and (max-width: 599px) {
  body#home-page #home-page { margin-top: 2px; }
  body#home-page #toolbar, body#home-page .col-main { display: none; }
  .lt-ie9 body#home-page #toolbar, .lt-ie9 body#home-page .col-main { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #information h3 { margin: 24px 0px -10px; }
  #information p { line-height: 1.6; margin-top: 15px; }
  #information h2 + p { margin-top: 19px; }
  #information ul { margin-top: 7px; list-style: outside none disc; margin-left: 35px; line-height: 1.6; }
  #information li { margin-top: 7px; }
  #information .action a { font-weight: 400; }
  #error { min-height: 250px; padding: 10px 0px 54px 49px; width: 80%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #error { width: 54%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #error { background: transparent url('large_logo.png') no-repeat scroll 685px 51px; padding-right: 38.4043%; width: auto; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #error h1 { margin-bottom: 29px; }
  #error p { font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 23px; }
  #error #issue_reference_number { margin-top: 2em; }
  .search-help ul a { font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 400; }
  .search-help h2 { position: relative; }
  .search-help h2 a { font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3rem; position: absolute; right: 0px; bottom: 5px; background-position: 0px 8px; }
  .search-help p {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .search-help p { display: inline-block; width: 68.1604%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .search-help img { margin-top: 7px; max-width: 100%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .search-help img { float: right; margin-top: 28px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .lt-ie8 .search-help img { float: none; }
  .search-help div { clear: both; width: 100%; }
  .feedback-page .col-main { margin-left: 4.46809%; width: 91.4894%; }
  #information .help-section ul { font-size: 1.6rem; margin-bottom: 7px; }
  .help-section .col {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .help-section .col { float: left; width: 67.4419%; margin-bottom: 4em; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #information .help-section h2 { margin: 20px 0px; }
  .help-section .box { background: rgb(243, 243, 243) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(255, 255, 255), rgb(243, 243, 243)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: 4px 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .help-section .box { float: right; margin: 56px 0px 0px; padding: 9px 2.2% 10px; width: 23.0233%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .help-section .box h3 { box-shadow: 0px -1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px -18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); padding: 0px 4px 7px 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; }
  #information .help-section .box h3 { margin: 0px -2.2% 14px; padding: 0px 2.2% 7px; }
  #information .help-section .box p { margin: 7px 0px; }
  #information .help-section .col h3 { margin: 27px 0px; }
  #information .help-section .contact { margin-top: 24px; }
  #information .help-section .contact p { margin: 9px 0px; }
  .help-section .contact { font-size: 1.6rem; }
  .bsl p, .bsl ul { font-size: 1.6rem; }
  .bsl p { width: 70%; }
  .bsl .logo {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  .bsl .logo { float: right; margin: -45px 0px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .bsl .collection-link img { max-width: 100%; }
  .collection-hover { background: rgb(1, 118, 195) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(56, 160, 229), rgb(1, 118, 195)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; height: 98%; opacity: 0; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; text-align: right; width: 100%; }
  .lt-ie9 .collection-hover { display: none; }
  .collection-hover span { font-size: 2.6rem; position: relative; top: 1.9em; right: 1em; text-shadow: 0px 0px 4px rgb(1, 118, 195); }
  .collection-link { transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; position: relative; }
  .collection-link:hover .collection-hover { opacity: 0.7; }
  .lt-ie9 .collection-link:hover .collection-hover { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #counter4-faqs { width: 70%; }
  #counter4-faqs h3 { margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 33px; padding-left: 0px; }
  #counter4-faqs p { line-height: 1.6; margin-top: 10px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #internal-page-layout { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(220, 218, 218); border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0px 5px 13px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); margin: 38px auto; width: 958px; }
  #internal-page-layout.wide { width: 1840px; }
  #internal-page-layout #header { min-height: 36px; padding: 16px 0px; position: relative; }
  #internal-page-layout #header #logo { position: relative; top: 0px; }
  #internal-page-layout #content { padding: 14px 47px 47px; }
  #feature-toggles h1 { font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 2rem; }
  #feature-toggles ul { margin: 30px 0px 0px; }
  #feature-toggles li { border-top: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); display: inline-block; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.9; padding: 7px 0px; width: 438px; }
  #feature-toggles li:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); }
  #feature-toggles li a { background: transparent url('toggle_switch.png') no-repeat scroll 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; float: right; height: 16px; outline: 0px none; margin: 7px 0px 0px; text-indent: -99999px; width: 36px; }
  .lt-ie8 #feature-toggles a { display: block; }
  #feature-toggles li a.feature-off { background-position: 0px bottom; }
  .ab-testing h1 { margin-bottom: 40px; }
  .ab-testing h2 { box-shadow: 0px -1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px -18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); padding: 0px 4px 7px 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; }
  .ab-testing .versions { margin-bottom: 20px; }
  .ab-testing .versions::before, .ab-testing .versions::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  .ab-testing .versions::after { clear: both; }
  .ab-testing .version { width: 48%; }
  .ab-testing .version img { border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); float: right; margin-left: 15px; }
  .ab-testing .version p { line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 14px; }
  .ab-testing .version .btn { margin-bottom: 24px; }
  .ab-testing #version-a { float: left; }
  .ab-testing #version-b { float: right; }
  .ab-testing .slider-container { background-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(247, 247, 247), rgb(230, 230, 230)); border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0px 1px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset; margin: 25px 0px 20px; padding: 12px 35px; position: relative; }
  .ab-testing .slider-container .start, .ab-testing .slider-container .end { font-weight: 700; position: absolute; top: 9px; }
  .ab-testing .slider-container .start { left: 10px; }
  .ab-testing .slider-container .end { right: 10px; }
  .ab-testing .slider-container .ui-slider-handle span { background-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(102, 102, 102), rgb(51, 51, 51)); border: 1px solid rgb(88, 88, 88); border-radius: 3px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 700; padding: 0.3em; position: absolute; top: -2.2em; left: -1.1em; text-shadow: 1px 1px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); visibility: hidden; }
  .ab-testing .slider-container .ui-slider-handle.ui-state-hover span, .ab-testing .slider-container .ui-slider-handle.ui-state-active span { visibility: visible; }
  #manage-customers .big-search { margin: 15px 0px 40px; }
  #manage-customers .big-search label, #manage-customers .big-search select { float: left; height: 38px; }
  #manage-customers .big-search select { margin: 0px -1px 0px 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(188, 188, 188); padding: 0px 2px 0px 6px; }
  #manage-customers .default-table {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #manage-customers .default-table { margin-top: 14px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #manage-customers .default-table .table-actions {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #manage-customers .default-table .table-actions { top: 15px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #manage-customers .default-table th span { font-weight: 400; }
  #manage-customers .default-table td { vertical-align: top; }
  #manage-customers .default-table td .log-in-as { font-weight: 700; }
  #manage-customers .individual-result caption { padding-right: 45.2899%; }
  #manage-customers .individual-result th { width: 30%; }
  #manage-customers .individual-result p { margin-bottom: 15px; white-space: nowrap; }
  #manage-customers .individual-result p:last-of-type { margin-bottom: 0px; }
  #manage-customers .individual-result .resend-token-feedback { margin-top: 15px; }
  #manage-promotions .col-main textarea, #manage-promotions .col-aside textarea { width: 100%; min-height: 410px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 4px 0px 10px; padding: 6px 3px 4px 10px; box-sizing: border-box; resize: vertical; }
  #manage-promotions form .btn-primary { margin-left: 0px; }
  #manage-promotions .default-table { margin-top: 31px; }
  #manage-promotions .default-table tr:hover td { background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); }
  #manage-promotions .default-table .btn-edit-campaign { visibility: hidden; margin: 0px -50px 0px 10px; cursor: pointer; }
  #manage-promotions .default-table tr:hover .btn-edit-campaign { visibility: visible; }
  #manage-promotions .no-caption { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); }
  .batch-codes, .remove-user, .resend-token { display: none; }
  .batch-codes-content form, .remove-user-content form, .resend-token-content form { margin-top: 14px; }
  .batch-codes-content form p, .remove-user-content form p, .resend-token-content form p { padding-top: 14px; }
  .batch-codes-content form p input, .remove-user-content form p input, .resend-token-content form p input { width: 70px; }
  .batch-codes-content form .code-amount .error, .remove-user-content form .code-amount .error, .resend-token-content form .code-amount .error { left: 255px; top: -6px; }
  .batch-codes-content form .code-amount .error span, .remove-user-content form .code-amount .error span, .resend-token-content form .code-amount .error span { color: rgb(207, 0, 0); }
  .batch-codes-content form .code-date .error, .remove-user-content form .code-date .error, .resend-token-content form .code-date .error { left: 245px; bottom: 18px; }
  .batch-codes-content form .code-date .error span, .remove-user-content form .code-date .error span, .resend-token-content form .code-date .error span { color: rgb(207, 0, 0); }
  .batch-codes-content form span, .remove-user-content form span, .resend-token-content form span { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #login-register {  }
  #login-register h1 { width: 95%; }
  #login-register h2 { font-size: 2rem; }
  #login-register h2, #login-register h3 { margin: 16px 0px; }
  #login-register h3 { font-size: 1.3rem; }
  #login-register p + h3 { margin-top: 24px; }
  #login-register p { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 15px; }
  .no-js .ClearForm { display: none; }
  .login { width: 650px; }
  .login form { width: 250px; }
  #login-box { margin-top: 4px; position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #login-box { margin-top: 48px; max-width: 410px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #login-box.neutral-login-box { margin-top: 0px; max-width: 100%; }
  #login-box h1, #login-box h2 { margin-top: 0px; }
  #login-box h2 { width: 85%; }
  #login-box a { font-size: 1.2rem; font-style: italic; }
  .js #login-box label.error { padding: 0px 0px 0px 13px; }
  .js #login-box label.tick { padding: 0px; }
  #login-box .remember label { display: inline; font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.3; }
  #login-box .remember input { width: 14px; margin-left: 0px; }
  #login-box .form-submit span { line-height: 1; float: left; margin: -10px 0px 12px; }
  #login-box .box-section a { font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; }
  #login-box .box-section a::before { content: "» "; }
  #login-box em { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; }
  #login-box .btn { margin-left: 0px; }
  #login-box .login-info { font-size: 1.1rem; line-height: 1.2; margin: 7px 0px 0px 10px; }
  .no-js #login-box .login-info { display: block ! important; visibility: visible; margin-left: 0px; }
  #register-reasons { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); margin-top: 25px; }
  #register-reasons h2 { box-shadow: 0px -1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px -18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); padding: 0px 4px 7px 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; }
  #register-reasons p { font-size: 1.6rem; }
  #registration-form .form-fields-col2 + p { margin: 45px 0px 0px; }
  .registration-message h1 .name { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
  .registration-message h1 .success::after { content: url('success_icon_big.png'); margin-left: 12px; }
  .registration-message .btn-monster { margin: 14px 0px 28px; }
  .registration-message p { font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.4; margin: 14px 0px; }
  #dashboard-area.athens-shibboleth-login-page h2 span { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
  #dashboard-area.athens-shibboleth-login-page .intro-text { width: 70%; }
  #dashboard-area.athens-shibboleth-login-page .authentication-athens { float: left; padding: 0px 3em 1.1em 0px; margin: 36px 3em 0px 0px; }
  #dashboard-area.athens-shibboleth-login-page .authentication-athens h2 { margin-top: 0px; }
  #dashboard-area.athens-shibboleth-login-page .authentication-athens img { display: block; margin: 24px 0px 28px; max-width: 73%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #dashboard-area.athens-shibboleth-login-page .authentication-athens { border-right: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #dashboard-area.athens-shibboleth-login-page .authentication-shibboleth { float: left; }
  #dashboard-area.athens-shibboleth-login-page .springer-login { clear: both; float: left; margin-top: 4em; width: 100%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #page-results #toolbar { display: inline-block; float: right; margin-bottom: -1.8em; }
  #results { clear: both; }
  #results-only-access { background: rgb(255, 249, 224) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(253, 234, 157); border-radius: 3px; margin-bottom: 12px; padding: 7px 25px 7px 37px; position: relative; }
  #results-only-access img { position: absolute; left: 7px; top: 7px; vertical-align: top; }
  #results-only-access label { font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.6; position: relative; top: 1px; overflow-wrap: break-word; }
  #results-only-access div { position: absolute; top: 10px; right: 6px; }
  .results-only-access-toggle img { vertical-align: bottom; }
  .js .results-only-access-toggle { display: none; }
  .no-js #results-only-access { padding-right: 0px; }
  .no-js #results-only-access div { margin-top: 2px; position: static; }
  .no-js #results-only-access-checkbox { display: none; }
  #results .col-aside h2 { font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0px; }
  #results .col-main .facet-link { font-size: 1.4rem; color: rgb(238, 125, 17); margin-right: 15px; position: relative; }
  #results .col-main .facet-link::after { content: ""; display: inline-block; height: 14px; width: 14px; background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -8255px; margin: 0px 0px -2px 5px; }
  #results .col-main .facet-link:hover::after { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -8197px; }
  #results .col-main .facet-link:active { color: rgb(206, 73, 0); }
  #results .col-main .facet-link:active::after { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -8139px; }
  #results .col-main .facet-link.loading::after { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; }
  #date-facet {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #date-facet { margin-top: -36px; text-align: center; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #date-facet .expander-title { position: relative; z-index: 10; display: block; width: 100%; text-align: left; line-height: 1.4rem; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #date-facet .expander-title { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); font-size: 1.2rem; height: 36px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #date-facet .expander-title { width: auto; display: inline-block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #date-facet .expander-content { text-align: left; }
  .ie7 #date-facet { margin-top: -12px; z-index: 10; }
  .ie7 #date-facet .expander-title { display: inline; margin-top: -36px; }
  .ie6 #date-facet .expander-title { width: 200px; }
  .no-js #date-facet { margin-top: 0px; text-align: left; }
  .no-js #date-facet .expander-title { border-bottom: 0px none; display: block; }
  .no-js #date-facet .expander-content-inner { padding-top: 0px; }
  .js #date-facet .expander-title:hover { border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); }
  #date-facet .expander-title div { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 20px -4644px; color: rgb(1, 118, 195); }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #date-facet .expander-title div { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 16px -4634px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); height: 34px; line-height: 2.9; padding: 0px 14px 0px 33px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .no-js #date-facet .expander-title div { padding-left: 10px; }
  #date-facet.expander-open .expander-title { background: rgb(241, 241, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-bottom: 0px none; }
  #date-facet.expander-open .expander-title div { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 16px -4804px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #date-facet.expander-open .expander-title div { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 16px -4794px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #date-facet .expander-content { border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(220, 220, 220); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; }
  #date-facet .expander-content-inner { padding-top: 10px; position: relative; }
  #date-facet form {  }
  #date-facet form::before, #date-facet form::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  #date-facet form::after { clear: both; }
  #date-facet label { float: left; font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.2; margin: 4px 9px 0px 0px; }
  #date-facet label span.available { display: block; font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 400; margin: 2px 0px 0px; }
  #date-facet-fields { float: left; }
  #date-facet-mode { font-size: 1.1rem; margin-right: 3px; width: 80px; }
  #date-facet input[type="text"] { font-size: 1.1rem; margin: 0px 5px; padding: 4px 3px; text-align: center; width: 40px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #date-facet input[type="text"] { width: 60px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #date-facet-fields span { font-size: 1.1rem; }
  #date-facet-fields .error-message span { line-height: 1; }
  #date-facet .search-submit { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -9787px; border: 0px none; float: left; height: 24px; width: 24px; }
  #date-facet .search-submit:hover { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -8701px; }
  #date-facet .search-submit:active { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -8633px; }
  #date-facet-remove { clear: both; float: left; line-height: 2; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #date-facet-remove { clear: none; margin-left: 20px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #results .col-main > .error-message { margin-bottom: 16px; }
  #results .col-main .header { width: 90%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #results .col-main .header { width: 86%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 1004px) and (min-device-width: 1023px) {
  #results .col-main .header { width: 90%; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #results .col-main .header h1 { font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 12px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #results .col-main .header h1 { margin: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #results .col-main .header h1 strong:first-child { font-size: 1.8rem; }
  #results .col-main .header h1 em { background: rgb(237, 245, 251) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; font-style: normal; }
  #results .col-main .header p { font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.3; margin: 3px 0px 12px; }
  #only-searching-within {  }
  #only-searching-within::before, #only-searching-within::after { content: ""; display: table; }
  #only-searching-within::after { clear: both; }
  #only-searching-within p { font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.1; }
  #only-searching-within .cover { border: 1px solid rgb(156, 156, 156); box-shadow: 1px 1px 2px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); margin: 0px 0px 7px; width: 68px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #only-searching-within .cover { float: left; margin: 0px 15px 0px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #only-searching-within .text {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #only-searching-within .text { float: left; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #only-searching-within .text .message { margin-bottom: 6px; }
  #only-searching-within .title { font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 6px; }
  #only-searching-within .range { font-size: 1.3rem; margin: 6px 0px 7px; }
  #page-results .functions-bar-top { display: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #page-results .functions-bar-top { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #results-teaser { border-radius: 3px; background: rgb(255, 249, 224) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(253, 234, 157); margin: 6px 0px 5px; padding: 6px 0px 6px 50px; position: relative; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #results-teaser { padding-right: 50px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #results-teaser::before { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -7429px; content: ""; display: block; height: 29px; width: 29px; position: absolute; left: 8px; }
  #results-teaser .meta { margin: 7px 0px; position: relative; }
  #results-teaser .meta strong { font-size: 1.6rem; }
  #results-teaser h2 { font-size: 1.6rem; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px; }
  #results-teaser + #results-list { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); }
  #results-teaser-all { font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; }
  #results-teaser-all::before { content: "» "; }
  #results-list { margin-top: 5px; }
  #results-list li {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #results-list li { padding-right: 50px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #results-list h2 em { background-color: rgb(237, 245, 251); font-style: normal; }
  #results-list h2 a:hover em { text-decoration: underline; }
  #results-list .snippet em, #results-list .subtitle em, #results-list .coverage em { background-color: rgb(237, 245, 251); font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; }
  #results-list .enumeration { font-style: italic; }
  #results-list .open-access { float: right; font-size: 1rem; }
  #results-list .has-cover .open-access { margin: 0px; }
  #results-list .has-cover .lozenges { margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; }
  #results-list .lozenges { float: right; margin-top: -1px; z-index: 5; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #results-list .lozenges { margin-right: -30px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #results-list .recent, #results-list .open-access { margin-left: 3px; }
  #results-list .recent { float: right; font-size: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; }
  #results-list .has-cover .recent { margin: 0px; }
  #results-list span.action { display: block; margin: 7px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #results-list span.action { display: inline-block; margin: 0px; min-width: 150px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #results-list .actions { display: none; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #results-list .actions { display: block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #results-list li.has-cover { padding-right: 20px; }
  #results-list li.has-cover .text { margin-left: 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #results-list li.has-cover .text { margin-right: 93px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #results-list li.has-cover .cover { transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; clear: both; float: right; }
  #results-list li.has-cover .lazy { display: none; }
  #results-list .no-access-message {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #results-list .no-access-message { margin-right: -50px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #results-list li.has-cover .no-access-message {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #results-list li.has-cover .no-access-message { margin-right: -13px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #no-results-message { margin: 16px 0px 14px; }
  #no-results-message h2 { font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.8rem; }
  #no-results-message li { margin-top: 0px; }
  #no-results-remove { padding: 11px 15px 23px 50px; position: relative; }
  #no-results-remove::before { background: transparent url('springer-sprite-sdb16d7577f.png') no-repeat scroll 0px -7566px; content: ""; display: block; height: 27px; width: 27px; position: absolute; left: 9px; top: 6px; }
  #no-results-remove p { font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.1; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  #no-results-remove p { margin: 0px 300px 12px 0px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #no-results-remove li { margin-top: 8px; }
  #no-results-remove .facet-link { font-size: 1.6rem; }
}
#abstract-references .FulltextWrapper { margin: 0px; }
#abstract-references .Bibliography .Heading { display: none; }
#abstract-references .Bibliography { margin-top: 0px; font-size: 100%; width: 100%; }
#abstract-references .Bibliography span.Occurrences { display: inline; }
#abstract-references .Bibliography span.Occurrence a { margin-top: 0px; font-size: 1.1rem; }
#abstract-references .Bibliography::before { border: 0px none; }
#abstract-references .CitationNumber { margin-right: 0px; }
#abstract-references .CitationNumber + .CitationContent { margin-left: 0.5em; }
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  span.a-plus-plus.type-small-caps { font-variant: small-caps; }
  span.a-plus-plus.stack { position: relative; }
  span.a-plus-plus.stack sub { position: relative; bottom: -0.25em; }
  span.a-plus-plus.stack sup { position: absolute; left: 0.25em; top: -0.25em; }
  #results h2 em.a-plus-plus { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; font-style: italic; }
  span.a-plus-plus.type-underline { font-weight: 700; }
  #abstract-references span.a-plus-plus.type-underline { font-weight: 400; }
  #title strong.a-plus-plus, .title strong.a-plus-plus { font-weight: 400; }
  #results-list h2 strong.a-plus-plus em { background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; }
  #results-list h2 em strong.a-plus-plus em { background-color: rgb(237, 245, 251); }
  span.a-plus-plus.inline-media-object { margin: 0px 0.2em; }
  div.a-plus-plus.simple-para { display: inline; }
  table.a-plus-plus { display: inline-block; overflow-x: auto; }
  table.a-plus-plus .caption-content { display: inline; font-style: italic; }
  table.a-plus-plus caption { padding-right: 2.71739%; }
  .inline-media-object img { max-width: 100%; }
  .abstract-content .MathJax_Display, .article-note .MathJax_Display { display: inline; }
  .article-note .inline-equation { display: inline-block; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .chosen {  }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) and (min-width: 600px) {
  .chosen { min-width: 320px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .chosen-container { font-size: 1.3rem; position: relative; display: inline-block; max-width: 300px; }
  .chosen-container .chosen-drop { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); position: absolute; top: 26px; left: -9999em; box-shadow: 0px 4px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); width: 99.3%; z-index: 5; }
  .chosen-container.chosen-with-drop .chosen-drop { left: 0px; }
  .chosen-container-single .chosen-single { background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(249, 249, 249), rgb(234, 234, 234)); border-radius: 3px; background-clip: padding-box; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-shadow: 0px 0px 3px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); display: block; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; position: relative; height: 23px; line-height: 1.8; padding: 0px 0px 0px 8px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); text-decoration: none; }
  .chosen-container-single .chosen-default { color: rgb(80, 80, 80); }
  .chosen-container-single .chosen-single span { margin-right: 26px; display: block; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; }
  .chosen-container-single .chosen-single abbr { display: block; position: absolute; right: 26px; top: 6px; width: 12px; height: 13px; font-size: 0.1rem; background: transparent url('chosen-sprite.png') no-repeat scroll right top; }
  .chosen-container-single .chosen-single abbr:hover { background-position: right -11px; }
  .chosen-container-single.chosen-disabled .chosen-single abbr:hover { background-position: right top; }
  .chosen-container-single .chosen-single div { position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; display: block; height: 100%; width: 18px; }
  .chosen-container-single .chosen-single div b { background: transparent url('chosen-sprite.png') no-repeat scroll 0px 0px; display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; }
  .chosen-container-single .chosen-search { padding: 3px 4px; position: relative; margin: 0px; white-space: nowrap; }
  .chosen-container-single .chosen-drop { border-radius: 0px 0px 3px 3px; background-clip: padding-box; }
  .chosen-container-single-nosearch .chosen-search input { position: absolute; left: -9000px; }
  .chosen-container .chosen-results { margin: 0px 4px 4px 0px; max-height: 240px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; position: relative; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: auto; }
  .chosen-container-multi .chosen-results { margin: -1px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; }
  .chosen-container .chosen-results li { display: none; line-height: 15px; padding: 5px 6px; margin: 0px; list-style: outside none none; }
  .chosen-container .chosen-results .active-result { cursor: pointer; display: list-item; }
  .chosen-container .chosen-results .highlighted { background-color: rgb(230, 241, 249); }
  .chosen-container .chosen-results li em { font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; }
  .chosen-container .chosen-results .highlighted em { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  .chosen-container .chosen-results .no-results { display: list-item; }
  .chosen-container .chosen-results .no-results span { font-weight: 700; }
  .chosen-container .chosen-results .group-result { cursor: default; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: 700; }
  .chosen-container .chosen-results .group-option { padding-left: 15px; }
  .chosen-container-multi .chosen-drop .result-selected { display: none; }
  .chosen-container .chosen-results-scroll { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin: 0px 4px; position: absolute; text-align: center; width: 321px; z-index: 5; }
  .chosen-container .chosen-results-scroll span { display: inline-block; height: 17px; text-indent: -5000px; width: 9px; }
  .chosen-container .chosen-results-scroll-down { bottom: 0px; }
  .chosen-container .chosen-results-scroll-down span { background: transparent url('chosen-sprite.png') no-repeat scroll -4px -3px; }
  .chosen-container .chosen-results-scroll-up span { background: transparent url('chosen-sprite.png') no-repeat scroll -22px -3px; }
  .chosen-container-active .chosen-single { box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); border: 1px solid rgb(1, 118, 195); }
  .chosen-container-active .chosen-single-with-drop { border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-shadow: 0px 5px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) inset; }
  .chosen-container-active .chosen-single-with-drop div { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-left: 0px none; }
  .chosen-container-active .chosen-single-with-drop div b { background-position: -18px 1px; }
  .chosen-container-active .chosen-choices { box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); border: 1px solid rgb(1, 118, 195); }
  .chosen-container-active .chosen-choices .search-field input { color: rgb(17, 17, 17) ! important; }
  .chosen-disabled { cursor: default; opacity: 0.5 ! important; }
  .chosen-disabled .chosen-single { cursor: default; }
  .chosen-disabled .chosen-choices .search-choice .search-choice-close { cursor: default; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  #colorbox, #cboxOverlay, #cboxWrapper { overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 9999; }
  #cboxOverlay { height: 100%; position: fixed; width: 100%; }
  #cboxMiddleLeft, #cboxBottomLeft { clear: left; }
  #cboxContent { position: relative; }
  #cboxLoadedContent { overflow: auto; }
  #cboxTitle { margin: 0px; }
  #cboxLoadingOverlay, #cboxLoadingGraphic { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 100%; }
  #cboxPrevious, #cboxNext, #cboxClose, #cboxSlideshow { cursor: pointer; }
  .cboxPhoto { border: 0px none; display: block; float: left; margin: auto; }
  .cboxIframe { border: 0px none; display: block; height: 100%; width: 100%; }
  #colorbox, #cboxContent, #cboxLoadedContent { box-sizing: content-box; }
  #colorbox, #cboxOverlay, #cboxWrapper { padding-bottom: 20px; }
  #cboxOverlay { background: rgb(0, 0, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  #colorbox { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; padding: 20px ! important; }
  #cboxContent { overflow: visible; }
  #cboxError { padding: 50px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); }
  #cboxLoadedContent { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; padding: 0px; }
  #cboxLoadingGraphic { background: transparent url('loading.gif') no-repeat scroll center center; }
  #cboxLoadingOverlay { background: rgb(241, 241, 241) url('bg.png') repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  #cboxWrapper { top: 20px ! important; left: 20px ! important; }
  #cboxTitle { background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 1.3rem; font-style: italic; position: absolute; left: 10px; bottom: 0px; }
  #cboxCurrent { position: absolute; top: -22px; right: 205px; text-indent: -9999px; }
  #cboxSlideshow, #cboxPrevious, #cboxNext, #cboxClose { background: transparent url('controls.png') no-repeat scroll 0px 0px; height: 20px; position: absolute; top: -20px; width: 20px; text-indent: -9999px; }
  #cboxPrevious { background-position: 0px 0px; right: 44px; }
  #cboxPrevious.hover { background-position: 0px -25px; }
  #cboxNext { background-position: -25px 0px; right: 22px; }
  #cboxNext.hover { background-position: -25px -25px; }
  #cboxClose { background-position: -50px 0px; right: 0px; }
  #cboxClose.hover { background-position: -50px -25px; }
  .cboxSlideshow_on #cboxPrevious, .cboxSlideshow_off #cboxPrevious { right: 66px; }
  .cboxSlideshow_on #cboxSlideshow { background-position: -75px -25px; right: 44px; }
  .cboxSlideshow_on #cboxSlideshow.hover { background-position: -100px -25px; }
  .cboxSlideshow_off #cboxSlideshow { background-position: -100px 0px; right: 44px; }
  .cboxSlideshow_off #cboxSlideshow.hover { background-position: -75px -25px; }
}
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
  .link-button { background: rgb(233, 233, 233) url('link-button_bg_v2.png') no-repeat scroll 0px 50%; border: 1px solid rgb(198, 198, 198); border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: 0px 1px 1px rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px none; overflow: hidden; padding: 6px 9px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: 0px 1px 1px rgb(255, 255, 255); vertical-align: middle; -moz-user-select: none; }
  .link-button:hover { background: rgb(242, 242, 242) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(147, 147, 147); text-decoration: none; }
  .link-button:active { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) inset; padding: 7px 9px 5px; }
  #pdf-thumbnail { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(169, 169, 169); box-shadow: 0px 3px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); float: left; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 400; display: none; margin: 0px 20px 20px 0px; position: relative; width: 268px; }
  #pdf-thumbnail a { cursor: default; text-decoration: none; }
  #pdf-thumbnail .springer-banner { position: absolute; bottom: 8px; left: 0px; }
  #pdf-underneath img { width: 268px; border: 0px none; }
  #pdf-hover { background: transparent url('pdf-hover.png') no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: block; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 268px; }
  #pdf-hover:hover { text-decoration: none; }
  #pdf-hover span { position: absolute; display: block; text-align: center; top: 50%; width: 268px; }
  #pdf-hover em { position: absolute; left: 20px; top: 20px; }
  body.reader { overflow: hidden; }
  body.reader .reader-position { overflow: hidden; }
  #reader-overlay { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; display: none; height: 100%; position: fixed; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 100%; text-align: center; z-index: 9994; }
  #reader-page-template { display: none; }
  .reader-position { position: absolute; overflow: hidden; top: 25px; bottom: -10px; left: 20px; right: 20px; }
  #reader { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; padding: 20px; border-radius: 2px; height: 90%; margin: 0px auto; position: relative; text-align: left; max-width: 795px; width: auto; }
  #reader-buttons { height: 26px; padding: 7px; background: rgb(229, 229, 229) -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)) repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; }
  #reader-buttons .link-button { margin: 0px; }
  #reader-buttons .right { margin: 0px 0px 0px 7px; float: right; }
  #reader a.btn-plaintext { padding-left: 26px; width: auto; }
  #reader .bar-actions { border-radius: 0px; padding: 5px 20px; width: auto; }
  #reader .get-access { border: 0px none; padding-left: 107px; padding-right: 108px; }
  #reader .bar-access-restr { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; width: 753px; }
  #reader #viewer { background: rgb(212, 212, 212) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; position: absolute; padding: 0px 20px 20px; margin-top: 38px; top: 60px; bottom: 20px; left: 20px; right: 20px; overflow: auto; text-align: center; }
  .no-access #reader #viewer { margin-top: 0px; }
  #reader .bar-dock { display: block; }
  #reader #availability { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 190px; height: 40px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; line-height: 3; text-align: center; width: 495px; white-space: nowrap; }
  #reader.springerfied #viewer, #reader.springerfied .top-shadow { top: 68px; }
  #reader .springer-banner { position: absolute; line-height: 2; }
  #reader .slogo { background-position: 95% 50%; }
  #viewer .page-number { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); padding-top: 15px; padding-bottom: 15px; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.1rem; text-shadow: 0px 1px 1px rgb(255, 255, 255); }
  #viewer .pdf-page { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) url('ajax-loader.gif') no-repeat scroll center 40px; border: 1px solid rgb(168, 168, 168); margin: 0px auto; position: relative; width: 738px; text-align: left; }
  #viewer .pdf-image { width: 738px; }
  #viewer .pdf-page .truncate { background: transparent url('page-truncate.png') no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; height: 14px; position: absolute; bottom: -1px; left: -1px; width: 740px; }
  #viewer .plaintext { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 50px; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-gap: 30px; text-align: justify; }
  #viewer .notext { padding: 20px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); text-shadow: 0px 1px 1px rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-weight: 700; }
  #viewer h1 { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 50px 50px 0px; }
  .show-pdf h1, .show-pdf .plaintext, .show-pdf .notext, .show-text .pdf-image { display: none ! important; }
  #reader .top-shadow { background: transparent url('reader-top-shadow.png') repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; height: 7px; position: absolute; top: 78px; left: 20px; }
  .no-access #reader .top-shadow { top: 60px; }
  .bottom-shadow { background: transparent url('reader-bottom-shadow.png') repeat-x scroll 0% 0%; height: 7px; position: absolute; bottom: 20px; left: 20px; }
  .lt-ie8 #reader #viewer { height: 650px; }
  .lt-ie8 .reader .col-aside { position: relative; z-index: 5; }
  .lt-ie8 #reader .bottom-shadow { display: none; }
}
.gridToggle { font-size: 1.6rem; position: absolute; top: 10px; left: 10px; opacity: 0.9; width: 40px; padding: 5px; }
#grid { opacity: 0.3; max-width: 940px; position: absolute; left: 10px; top: 0px; width: 100%; z-index: 9999; }
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) {
  #grid { left: 20px; }
}
#dialog-page-layout #grid { left: 0px; }
.slice { background: rgb(1, 118, 195) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; box-shadow: 0px 0px 1px 0px rgb(0, 0, 0) inset; display: inline-block; height: 100%; width: 2.12766%; }
.grid3 .slice:nth-child(16n+16) { background: red none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
.grid6 .slice:nth-child(8n+8) { background: red none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
.grid12 .slice:nth-child(4n+4) { background: red none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
.layout1 .slice:nth-child(-n+48), .layout2 .slice:nth-child(-n+48), .layout3 .slice:nth-child(-n+48), .layout3b .slice:nth-child(-n+48), .layout4 .slice:nth-child(-n+48), .layout5 .slice:nth-child(-n+48) { background: green none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) {
  .layout1 .slice:nth-child(-n+16) { background: green none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  .layout1 .slice:nth-child(n+17) { background: rgb(255, 255, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  .layout2 .slice:nth-child(-n+12) { background: green none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  .layout2 .slice:nth-child(n+13) { background: rgb(255, 255, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  .layout3 .slice:nth-child(-n+32), .layout3b .slice:nth-child(-n+32) { background: green none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  .layout3 .slice:nth-child(n+33), .layout3b .slice:nth-child(n+33) { background: rgb(255, 255, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  .layout4 .slice:nth-child(-n+32) { background: green none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  .layout4 .slice:nth-child(n+33) { background: rgb(255, 255, 0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  .layout5 .slice:nth-child(-n+48) { background: green none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
}
.Icon--arrow-down-default { background-image: url('svg+xml;charset=US-ASCII,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2216'); background-repeat: no-repeat; }
.Icon--arrow-down-primary { background-image: url('svg+xml;charset=US-ASCII,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3_001.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2216'); background-repeat: no-repeat; }
.Icon--arrow-down-white { background-image: url('svg+xml;charset=US-ASCII,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3_002.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2216'); background-repeat: no-repeat; }
.Icon--chat { background-image: url('svg+xml;charset=US-ASCII,%3Csvg%20width%3D%2224%22%20height%3D%2224%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2024%202'); background-repeat: no-repeat; }
.Icon--mail { background-image: url('svg+xml;charset=US-ASCII,%3Csvg%20width%3D%2216%22%20height%3D%2216%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2016%201'); background-repeat: no-repeat; }
.Icon--rss { background-image: url('svg+xml;charset=US-ASCII,%3Csvg%20width%3D%2216%22%20height%3D%2216%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2016%201_001.dat'); background-repeat: no-repeat; }
.Icon--triangle-down-dark { background-image: url('svg+xml;charset=US-ASCII,%3Csvg%20width%3D%228%22%20height%3D%226%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%208%206%22'); background-repeat: no-repeat; }
.Icon--triangle-down-defaultHover { background-image: url('svg+xml;charset=US-ASCII,%3Csvg%20width%3D%228%22%20height%3D%226%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%208%206%22_001.dat'); background-repeat: no-repeat; }
.no-svg .Icon--arrow-down-default { background-image: url('pHlY1vwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-repeat: no-repeat; }
.no-svg .Icon--arrow-down-primary { background-image: url('PVEu6hjJJa8BHwgkMxbWZ95gEQ9RclLEawON1kAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-repeat: no-repeat; }
.no-svg .Icon--arrow-down-white { background-image: url('CGhgIBJg6CHFEJxqiTGEoBp8Coh2JTaFJIcTsgZyAhndENI1oxmCVzMAsJGZdeobHewAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-repeat: no-repeat; }
.no-svg .Icon--chat { background-image: url('6dyFqE2AACoW4uUr4tzQwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-repeat: no-repeat; }
.no-svg .Icon--mail { background-image: url('S9BqqAilvS2nwIzb8xHdoSzqNjJAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC'); background-repeat: no-repeat; }
.no-svg .Icon--rss { background-image: url('qViEpU+P+F5xsVMAqCvoM95Qu23mNbtmjl8KTWYCxLOK4vPFB7vNDZtbfgPUNbsiul5oLQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-repeat: no-repeat; }
.no-svg .Icon--triangle-down-dark { background-image: url('ojowkHu3llEqpnNPTSzKSKVVXUAqDvAzK+qDgpjnXL33lq7AYADiKmoPn1CSukppdyr9wNEPCiTMOiM9wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='); background-repeat: no-repeat; }
.no-svg .Icon--triangle-down-defaultHover { background-image: url('4AT6A61K2KAYQAAAAASUVORK5CYII='); background-repeat: no-repeat; }
.Collapse_content { display: none; background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; box-shadow: 0px 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); }
.no-js .Collapse_content, .isOpen .Collapse_content, .lt-ie9 .Collapse_content { display: block; }
.isOpen .Collapse_content { border-width: 0px 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(187, 186, 179) rgb(187, 186, 179); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; border-bottom-left-radius: 2px; border-bottom-right-radius: 2px; margin-top: 1px; margin-left: -1px; position: absolute; width: 100%; }
.Collapse_toggle { font-size: 1.4rem; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); cursor: pointer; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 10px; text-align: left; }
.isOpen .Collapse_toggle { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
.Collapse_toggle .Icon { height: 6px; float: right; margin-top: 6px; margin-left: 8px; transition: all 0.25s ease 0s; width: 8px; }
.js .isOpen .Collapse_toggle .Icon { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.Collapse--button { border: 1px solid rgb(187, 186, 179); border-radius: 3px; background: transparent linear-gradient(to top, rgb(229, 229, 229), rgb(248, 248, 248)) repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-top: 10px; position: relative; z-index: 5; }
.Collapse--button.isOpen { box-shadow: 0px 10px 15px -10px rgb(187, 186, 179) inset; border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.Collapse--button:hover { border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.Collapse--button > ul { text-align: left; border-top: 1px solid rgb(231, 231, 231); padding: 8px 0px; font-size: 1.3rem; }
.Collapse--button > ul > li a { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); display: block; font-weight: 700; line-height: 2; padding: 2px 10px; }
.Collapse--button > ul > li a:hover { background-color: rgb(237, 245, 251); text-decoration: none; }
.Collapse--button > ul > li > ul > li a { font-weight: 400; padding: 2px 10px 2px 30px; }
.Btn { position: relative; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: 600; padding: 0.5em 1em; line-height: normal; border: 1px solid transparent; border-radius: 3px; transition: all 0.15s ease 0s; }
.Btn, .Btn:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.Btn:active { outline: 0px none; }
.Btn[disabled] { opacity: 0.5; cursor: not-allowed; pointer-events: none; }
.Btn--primary { background-color: rgb(70, 135, 200); border-color: rgb(57, 125, 192); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.Btn--primary:hover, .Btn--primary:focus, .Btn--primary.focus { background-color: rgb(90, 148, 206); border-color: rgb(74, 138, 201); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.Btn--primary:active, .Btn--primary.active { background-color: rgb(56, 122, 188); border-color: rgb(51, 112, 173); }
.Btn--primary .Icon--arrow-down-white { margin-left: 8px; width: 16px; height: 8px; }
.Btn--primaryOutline { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: rgb(57, 125, 192); color: rgb(70, 135, 200); }
.Btn--primaryOutline:hover, .Btn--primaryOutline:focus, .Btn--primaryOutline.focus { border-color: rgb(94, 150, 207); color: rgb(109, 161, 212); }
.Btn--primaryOutline:active, .Btn--primaryOutline.active { background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color: rgb(51, 112, 173); color: rgb(56, 122, 188); }
.Btn--secondary { background-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); border-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.Btn--secondary:hover, .Btn--secondary:focus, .Btn--secondary.focus { background-color: rgb(115, 115, 115); border-color: rgb(105, 105, 105); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.Btn--secondary:active, .Btn--secondary.active { background-color: rgb(89, 89, 89); border-color: rgb(79, 79, 79); }
.Btn--secondaryOutline { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: rgb(92, 92, 92); color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
.Btn--secondaryOutline:hover, .Btn--secondaryOutline:focus, .Btn--secondaryOutline.focus { border-color: rgb(117, 117, 117); color: gray; }
.Btn--secondaryOutline:active, .Btn--secondaryOutline.active { background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); border-color: rgb(79, 79, 79); color: rgb(89, 89, 89); }
.Btn--link { background-color: transparent; color: rgb(65, 125, 185); }
.Btn--link:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.Btn--xs { font-size: 1.2rem; }
.Btn--s { font-size: 1.4rem; }
.Btn--m { font-size: 1.6rem; }
.Btn--l { font-size: 1.8rem; }
.Btn--xl { font-size: 2rem; }
.Btn--wide { width: 100%; max-width: 300px; }
.Form_group { position: relative; }
.Form_group::before, .Form_group::after { content: ""; display: table; }
.Form_group::after { clear: both; }
.Form_field { margin-bottom: 20px; }
.Form_group:last-child .Form_field { margin-bottom: 0px; }
.Form_helper { margin-bottom: 4px; }
.Form--border { padding: 15px; border: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); }
@media (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1003px) {
  #volume-and-issue-submit { width: 100%; }
}
.Form--inline .Form_field--three-inline { display: inline-block; width: 36%; }
.Form--inline .Form_field--three-inline.Form_field { box-sizing: border-box; padding-right: 8px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; }
@media (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1003px) {
  .Form--inline .Form_field--three-inline.Form_field { margin-bottom: 10px; float: left; width: 50%; }
  .Form--inline .Form_field--three-inline.Form_field:last-of-type { padding-right: 0px; }
}
.Form--inline .Form_field--three-inline .Form_input { display: inline-block; width: 100%; }
.Form--inline .Form_field--three-inline input[type="number"] { width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; -moz-appearance: textfield; }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .Form--inline .Form_field, .Form--inline .Form_field label, .Form--inline .Form_input { display: inline-block; }
  .Form--inline .Form_field { margin-right: 16px; }
  .Form--inline .Form_field label { margin-bottom: 0px; margin-right: 8px; }
  .Form--inline .Form_input { vertical-align: middle; }
}
@media (min-width: 1004px) {
  .Form_field--split { width: 49.1525%; float: left; margin-right: 1.69492%; }
  .Form_field--split + .Form_field--split { float: right; margin-right: 0px; }
}
.Form_field--inline { float: left; }
.Form_field--inline + .Form_field--inline { margin-left: 8px; }
.Form_field select { display: block; }
.Form_globalErrors { list-style: outside none none; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; }
.Form_field span.is-Error, .Form_globalErrors li.is-Error { font-size: 1.4rem; color: rgb(250, 65, 30); display: block; margin-top: 7px; }
.Form_field .HelpText { font-size: 1.4rem; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); display: block; }
.Form_field_label_secondaryText { font-size: 1.4rem; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-weight: 400; }
.Form_field_secondaryText { font-size: 1.4rem; display: block; font-weight: 400; margin-top: 7px; }
.Form_input--small { width: 23.7288%; float: left; margin-right: 1.69492%; }
.Login_forgotPassword { font-size: 1.4rem; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 16px; }
.Icon { background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: contain; display: inline-block; position: relative; text-indent: -10000em; vertical-align: middle; width: 16px; height: 16px; }
.IconBox { border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; font-size: 0px; line-height: 1; }
.IconBox .Icon { width: 10px; height: 10px; }
.IconBox--fill .Icon { margin: 4px; }
.IconBox--fill.IconBox--default { background-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.IconBox--fill.IconBox--success { background-color: rgb(113, 171, 11); }
.IconBox--fill.IconBox--info { background-color: rgb(65, 125, 185); }
.IconBox--fill.IconBox--warning { background-color: rgb(255, 192, 0); }
.IconBox--fill.IconBox--danger { background-color: rgb(196, 6, 6); }
.IconBox--stroke { border-style: solid; border-width: 2px; }
.IconBox--stroke .Icon { width: 14px; height: 14px; margin: 7px; }
.IconBox--stroke.IconBox--default { border-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); }
.IconBox--stroke.IconBox--success { border-color: rgb(113, 171, 11); }
.IconBox--stroke.IconBox--info { border-color: rgb(65, 125, 185); }
.IconBox--stroke.IconBox--warning { border-color: rgb(255, 192, 0); }
.IconBox--stroke.IconBox--danger { border-color: rgb(196, 6, 6); }
a { color: rgb(65, 125, 185); text-decoration: none; }
a:focus, a:active, a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.content-item-list a:visited, .toc-item a:visited, .issue-item a:visited { color: rgb(142, 37, 85); }
a.rdlist-related-document-title:visited { color: rgb(142, 37, 85); }
a > img { vertical-align: middle; }
a[href="#more"], a[href="#less"] { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 1.1rem; text-decoration: underline; white-space: nowrap; }
a[href="#more"]:hover, a[href="#less"]:hover { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
a.external::after { background: transparent url('png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAICAYAAADED76LAAAALUlEQVQYlWNgLDv8H4YZoABFDFkCGeBVABPDqgBDA') no-repeat scroll right center; content: ""; display: inline-block; height: 8px; margin-left: 7px; width: 8px; }
a.external.external-quiet { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
a.external.external-quiet::after { margin-left: 0px; background-image: url('eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4QBijuAAAAOklEQVR42mKxsrL6z4AAjFAaLsaEJMGIRSFcATr4D1PEhE8SRDPhkcRqBSO6BlxugAMW'); }
a.external.external-no-margin::after { margin-left: 0px; }
.AddLink .Icon { float: left; margin-right: 4px; position: relative; top: 4px; }
.SkipToMain { margin: 0px; }
.SkipToMain_link { font-size: 1.4rem; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0px; position: absolute; z-index: 9999; top: -100px; left: 16px; opacity: 0; transition: opacity 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; }
.SkipToMain_link:focus { outline: medium auto; top: 16px; opacity: 1; }
.BackToTop > a { font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: 700; }
.no-js .logout { display: none; }
.ListTabContainer { clear: both; padding-top: 20px; }
.ListTab { margin: -10px 0px 0px -10px; }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .ListTab { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 80px 0px 0px; }
}
.ListTab_item, .ListTab > li { font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 1.4; float: left; position: relative; width: 50%; padding: 10px 0px 0px; }
.ListTab_item:nth-child(2n), .ListTab > li:nth-child(2n) { clear: right; padding-left: 10px; }
.ListTab_item.isActive:nth-child(2n)::before, .ListTab > li.isActive:nth-child(2n)::before { left: 10px; }
.ListTab_item.isActive::before, .ListTab > li.isActive::before { content: ""; display: block; position: absolute; top: 10px; left: 0px; right: 0px; height: 3px; background-color: rgb(153, 153, 153); z-index: 5; }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .ListTab_item, .ListTab > li { margin-bottom: -1px; width: auto; padding: 3px 0px 0px; margin-left: 1px; min-width: 140px; }
  .ListTab_item:nth-child(2n), .ListTab > li:nth-child(2n) { clear: none; padding-left: 0px; }
  .ListTab_item.isActive:nth-child(2n)::before, .ListTab > li.isActive:nth-child(2n)::before { left: 0px; }
  .ListTab_item:first-child, .ListTab > li:first-child { margin-left: 0px; }
  .ListTab_item::after, .ListTab > li::after { content: ""; display: block; position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); }
  .ListTab_item.isActive, .ListTab > li.isActive { margin-left: 0px; margin-right: -1px; }
  .ListTab_item.isActive::before, .ListTab > li.isActive::before { top: 0px; left: 0px; }
  .ListTab_item.isActive::after, .ListTab > li.isActive::after { border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); left: 1px; right: 1px; }
}
.ListTab_itemChild, .ListTab > li > a, .ListTab > li > .isDisabled { padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); line-height: 1.4; text-align: center; position: relative; overflow: hidden; display: block; border: 1px solid transparent; }
.isActive > .ListTab_itemChild, .ListTab > li.isActive > a, .ListTab > li.isActive > .isDisabled { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
.isActive > .ListTab_itemChild:hover, .ListTab > li.isActive > a:hover, .ListTab > li.isActive > .isDisabled:hover { background-color: inherit; }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .ListTab_itemChild, .ListTab > li > a, .ListTab > li > .isDisabled { white-space: normal; padding: 13px 26px; border-width: 0px 1px; border-style: none solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color transparent; -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; }
  .isActive > .ListTab_itemChild, .ListTab > li.isActive > a, .ListTab > li.isActive > .isDisabled { border-width: 0px 1px; border-style: none solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(220, 220, 220); }
}
.ListTab_link, .ListTab > li > a { transition: background-color 0.15s ease 0s, color 0.15s ease 0s; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
.ListTab_link:hover, .ListTab > li > a:hover { background-color: rgb(229, 229, 229); text-decoration: none; }
.ListTab_link:focus, .ListTab_link:active, .ListTab > li > a:focus, .ListTab > li > a:active { text-decoration: none; }
.ListTab_disabled, .ListTab > li .isDisabled { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.ListTab--primary > li.isActive::before { background-color: rgb(238, 125, 17); }
.ListTab--small > li { font-size: 1.3rem; }
.ListTab--small > li > a, .ListTab--small > li > .isDisabled { padding: 13px 26px; font-weight: 700; }
.ListTab--small > li.isActive > a, .ListTab--small > li.isActive > .isDisabled { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
.ListStack { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: outside none none; }
.ListStack_item, .ListStack > li { font-size: 1.3rem; padding: 8px 0px; line-height: 1.4; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); }
.ListStack_item h3, .ListStack_item h4, .ListStack_item h5, .ListStack_item h6, .ListStack > li h3, .ListStack > li h4, .ListStack > li h5, .ListStack > li h6 { font-size: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; }
.ListStack_item a:hover, .ListStack > li a:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.ListStack_item a.isActive, .ListStack > li a.isActive { font-weight: 700; }
.ListStack_child, .ListStack > li ul, .ListStack > li ol { font-weight: 400; list-style: outside none none; margin: 8px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; }
.ListStack_childItem, .ListStack > li ul > li, .ListStack > li ol > li { padding: 8px 16px; position: relative; }
.ListStack_childItem:last-child, .ListStack > li ul > li:last-child, .ListStack > li ol > li:last-child { padding-bottom: 0px; }
.ListStack_childItem::before, .ListStack > li ul > li::before, .ListStack > li ol > li::before { content: ""; display: inline-block; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); }
.ListStack_childItem:last-child::before, .ListStack > li ul > li:last-child::before, .ListStack > li ol > li:last-child::before { bottom: auto; height: 18px; }
.ListStack_childItem::after, .ListStack > li ul > li::after, .ListStack > li ol > li::after { content: ""; display: inline-block; width: 10px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); position: absolute; top: 17px; left: 1px; }
.ListStack--small > .ListStack_item, .ListStack.ListStack--small > li { font-size: 1.2rem; }
.ListStack--small > .ListStack_item ul > .ListStack_childItem::after, .ListStack--small > .ListStack_item .ListStack > li ul > li::after, .ListStack > li .ListStack--small > .ListStack_item ul > li::after, .ListStack.ListStack--small > li ul > .ListStack_childItem::after, .ListStack.ListStack--small > li ul > li::after { top: 16px; }
.ListStack--bordered > .ListStack_item, .ListStack.ListStack--bordered > li { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); }
.ListStack--bordered > .ListStack_item:first-child, .ListStack.ListStack--bordered > li:first-child { border-top: 0px none; }
.ListStack--neutral > .ListStack_item a, .ListStack.ListStack--neutral > li a { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
.ListStack--neutral > .ListStack_item a:hover, .ListStack.ListStack--neutral > li a:hover { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); }
.ListStack--secondary > li { padding: 4px 0px; }
.ListStack--secondary > li .Icon--rss, .ListStack--secondary > li .Icon--mail { float: left; margin-right: 8px; }
.ListStack--secondary > li a { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); display: block; overflow: hidden; }
.ListStack--secondary > li a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.ListStack--collapse > .ListStack_item, .ListStack.ListStack--collapse > li { margin-left: 16px; }
.ListStack--collapse > .ListStack_item .ListStack_toggle, .ListStack.ListStack--collapse > li .ListStack_toggle { position: relative; }
.ListStack--collapse > .ListStack_item .Icon, .ListStack.ListStack--collapse > li .Icon { width: 12px; height: 12px; margin-left: -16px; transition: transform 0.25s ease 0s; position: absolute; top: 3px; }
.ListStack--collapse > .ListStack_item.isOpen .Icon, .ListStack.ListStack--collapse > li.isOpen .Icon { transform: rotate(90deg); }
.ListStack--float > .ListStack_item, .ListStack.ListStack--float > li { float: left; padding: 20px 0px 0px; width: 50%; }
.ListStack--float > .ListStack_item:first-child, .ListStack.ListStack--float > li:first-child { padding: 0px; }
.ListStack--float > .ListStack_item:first-child + *, .ListStack.ListStack--float > li:first-child + * { padding: 0px; }
.ListStack--float > .ListStack_item:nth-child(2n+1), .ListStack.ListStack--float > li:nth-child(2n+1) { clear: both; }
.ListStack--float > .ListStack_item > span, .ListStack.ListStack--float > li > span { border-left: 1px solid rgb(198, 198, 198); display: block; padding: 0px 8px; }
.ListStack--float > .ListStack_item > span:first-child, .ListStack.ListStack--float > li > span:first-child { font-size: 1.2rem; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: 500; padding-bottom: 10px; }
.ie9 .ListStack--float > .ListStack_item > span:first-child, .lt-ie9 .ListStack--float > .ListStack_item > span:first-child, .ie9 .ListStack.ListStack--float > li > span:first-child, .lt-ie9 .ListStack.ListStack--float > li > span:first-child { font-weight: 600; }
.ListStack--float > .ListStack_item > span:first-child + *, .ListStack.ListStack--float > li > span:first-child + * { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 1.4rem; }
.ListStack--float > .ListStack_item > span a, .ListStack.ListStack--float > li > span a { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); text-decoration: underline; }
.ListStack--float > .ListStack_item > span a:hover, .ListStack.ListStack--float > li > span a:hover { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); }
.NavigationTab { margin-top: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; position: relative; }
.NavigationTab::before, .NavigationTab::after { content: ""; display: table; }
.NavigationTab::after { clear: both; }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .NavigationTab { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); }
}
.NavigationTab_menu { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: outside none none; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.NavigationTab_menu::before, .NavigationTab_menu::after { content: ""; display: table; }
.NavigationTab_menu::after { clear: both; }
.NavigationTab_menu .lt-ie9 { display: block; }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .NavigationTab_menu { display: block; }
}
.NavigationTab_menuItem { box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; float: left; margin-bottom: 4px; width: 50%; }
.NavigationTab_menuItem .lt-ie9, .ie9 .NavigationTab_menuItem { display: block; }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .NavigationTab_menuItem { box-shadow: -1px 0px 0px 0px rgb(220, 220, 220) inset; margin-bottom: -1px; width: auto; }
}
.NavigationTab_menuLink { background-color: rgb(241, 241, 241); border-radius: 3px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); display: block; font-weight: 600; margin-right: 4px; padding: 11px 14px 9px; text-decoration: none; width: 100%; }
.ie9 .NavigationTab_menuLink { width: auto; }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .NavigationTab_menuLink { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); border-top: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 0px; font-weight: 400; margin-right: 0px; text-shadow: 1px 1px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); width: auto; }
}
.NavigationTab_menuLink:focus, .NavigationTab_menuLink:hover { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); text-decoration: none; }
.NavigationTab_menuLink.isActive { color: rgb(1, 118, 195); text-shadow: 1px 1px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .NavigationTab_menuLink.isActive { border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(255, 255, 255); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; box-shadow: none; text-decoration: none; }
}
.Meta { line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 0px; }
.Meta::before, .Meta::after { content: ""; display: table; }
.Meta::after { clear: both; }
.Meta_name { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 8px; max-width: 100%; }
.Meta_value { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 16px; }
.Meta_value:last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }
.Meta_value p { line-height: 1.75; }
.Meta_input { margin-top: 4px; }
.Meta--inline .Meta_name, .Meta--inline .Meta_value { float: left; }
.Meta--inline .Meta_name { clear: left; }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .Meta--inline .Meta_name { clear: none; margin-left: 10px; }
}
@media (min-width: 1004px) {
  .Meta--inline .Meta_name { margin-left: 20px; }
}
.Meta--inline .Meta_name::after { content: ":"; display: inline-block; }
.Meta--inline .Meta_name:first-child { margin-left: 0px; }
.Meta--inline .Meta_value { clear: right; margin-left: 8px; }
.Meta--2col .Meta_name { clear: left; float: left; margin: 0px 20px 0px 0px; }
.Meta--2col .Meta_value { margin: 0px; }
.Meta--2colBorded .Meta_name { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); float: left; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; width: 60%; }
.Meta--2colBorded .Meta_name:first-child, .Meta--2colBorded .Meta_name:first-child + .Meta_value { border-top: 0px none; }
@media (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1003px) {
  .Meta--2colBorded .Meta_name { padding-bottom: 0px; width: 100%; }
}
.Meta--2colBorded .Meta_value { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); float: right; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: right; width: 40%; }
@media (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1003px) {
  .Meta--2colBorded .Meta_value { border-top: 0px none; float: left; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%; }
}
.Meta--2colBordedBackground .Meta_name { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); float: left; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; }
.Meta--2colBordedBackground .Meta_name:hover, .Meta--2colBordedBackground .Meta_name:hover + .Meta_value { background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239); }
.Meta--2colBordedBackground .Meta_name:first-child, .Meta--2colBordedBackground .Meta_name:first-child + .Meta_value { border-top: 0px none; }
.Meta--2colBordedBackground .Meta_value { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; text-align: right; }
.Meta--2colBordedBackground .Meta_value a { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
.Meta--2colBordedBackground .Meta_value:hover { background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239); }
.SideBox, .partner-logos, .Metrics { margin-top: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; }
.SideBox::before, .partner-logos::before, .Metrics::before, .SideBox::after, .partner-logos::after, .Metrics::after { content: ""; display: table; }
.SideBox::after, .partner-logos::after, .Metrics::after { clear: both; }
.SideBox.SideBox--neutralBorder, .SideBox--neutralBorder.partner-logos, .SideBox--neutralBorder.Metrics { border: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); }
.SideBox.SideBox--padding, .SideBox--padding.partner-logos, .SideBox--padding.Metrics { padding: 18px; }
@media (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1003px) {
  .SideBox.SideBox--padding, .SideBox--padding.partner-logos, .SideBox--padding.Metrics { padding: 10px; }
}
.SideBox > form, .partner-logos > form, .Metrics > form { margin-top: 10px; }
.SideBox_title, .partner-logos h2, .Metrics h2 { font-size: 2rem; border-top: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); font-weight: 400; padding-top: 10px; }
.SideBox_separator { border-top: 1px solid rgb(215, 214, 214); margin-top: 24px; }
.Sidebox_footer { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); padding-top: 7px; text-align: right; }
.Sidebox_footer a { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
.Sidebox_footer span.bookmetrix-book { font-weight: 700; }
.StickySideButton_left { font-size: 1.3rem; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(215, 214, 214) rgb(215, 214, 214) rgb(215, 214, 214) -moz-use-text-color; -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; display: none; padding: 12px 40px 13px 10px; position: fixed; transition-duration: 0.25s; z-index: 999; }
@media (min-width: 1004px) {
  .StickySideButton_left { display: block; }
}
.StickySideButton_left:hover { left: 0px; }
.lt-ie10 .StickySideButton_left { padding-left: 12px; }
.StickySideButton_left--feedback { left: -58px; top: 300px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; }
.lt-ie10 .StickySideButton_left--feedback { top: 302px; }
.StickySideButton_left--feedback::after { background-color: transparent; background-image: url('svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMjQiIGhlaWdodD0iMjQiIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAyNCAyNCIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIiB4b'), linear-gradient(transparent, transparent); background-attachment: scroll, scroll; background-clip: border-box, border-box; background-origin: padding-box, padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%, 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 30px auto; content: ""; height: 35px; position: absolute; top: 6px; width: 35px; margin-left: 2px; }
.StickySideButton_left--chat { left: -84px; top: 341px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; }
.StickySideButton_left--chat::after { background-color: transparent; background-image: url('svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiIHN0YW5kYWxvbmU9Im5vIj8+Cjxzdmcgd2lkd'), linear-gradient(transparent, transparent); background-attachment: scroll, scroll; background-clip: border-box, border-box; background-origin: padding-box, padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%, 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 28px auto; content: ""; height: 35px; position: absolute; top: 6px; width: 35px; margin-left: 4px; }
.Table { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px none; display: inline-block; margin: 0px 0px 4px; overflow-x: auto; text-align: left; width: 100%; }
.Table th { font-size: 1.5rem; background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgb(248, 248, 248), rgb(229, 229, 229)); border: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 218); box-shadow: 1px 1px 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255) inset, 0px -18px 18px -18px rgb(239, 239, 239) inset; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); padding: 12px 17px; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; }
.Table td { border: 1px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); color: rgb(102, 102, 102); padding: 7px 17px; }
.Table.Table--two-column--aligned tbody tr td:first-child { text-align: right; width: 95px; }
.Table.Table--two-column--aligned tbody tr td:last-child { text-align: left; }
.Table .Capt { margin: 20px 0px 4px; }
.CaptNr { font-weight: 700; }
.CaptNr::after { content: "-"; }
table .normal { margin: 0px; }
table th .SimplePara { margin: 0px; }
.Abstract table.equation, .Para table.equation, .AbstractPara table.equation, .Abstract table.equation th, .Para table.equation th, .AbstractPara table.equation th, .Abstract table.equation td, .Para table.equation td, .AbstractPara table.equation td { border: 0px none; }
table .Citation, table .CaptCont td.normal { font-size: 12pt; }
table .CaptCont td { padding-top: 9px; }
table .CaptCont td.normal { padding-top: 7px; }
.Table--responsive-headings, .Table--responsive-headings tbody, .Table--responsive-headings tr, .Table--responsive-headings td { display: block; }
.ie9 .Table--responsive-headings, .ie9 .Table--responsive-headings tbody, .Table--responsive-headings .ie9 tbody, .ie9 .Table--responsive-headings tr, .Table--responsive-headings .ie9 tr, .ie9 .Table--responsive-headings td, .Table--responsive-headings .ie9 td { float: left; clear: both; width: 100%; }
.Table--responsive-headings { border-collapse: separate; margin-top: 14px; overflow: hidden; }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .Table--responsive-headings { display: table; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); }
  .ie9 .Table--responsive-headings { float: none; clear: none; width: auto; }
}
.Table--responsive-headings thead th { font-weight: 500; padding: 1em 1.5em; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-width: 1px 1px 1px 0px; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(220, 220, 220) rgb(220, 220, 220) -moz-use-text-color; -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; }
.Table--responsive-headings thead th:first-child { border-left: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); }
.Table--responsive-headings thead tr { position: absolute; top: -9999px; left: -9999px; }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .Table--responsive-headings thead tr { position: relative; top: 0px; left: 0px; }
}
.Table--responsive-headings tbody { border-left: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); border-right: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); color: rgb(102, 102, 102); transform: scale3d(1, 1, 1); }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .Table--responsive-headings tbody { display: table-header-group; }
  .ie9 .Table--responsive-headings tbody { float: none; clear: none; width: auto; }
}
.Table--responsive-headings tbody tr {  }
@media screen and (min-width: 1px) and (max-width: 599px) {
  .Table--responsive-headings tbody tr { border-bottom: 1px solid; }
}
.Table--responsive-headings tbody tr:nth-child(2n) {  }
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) {
  .Table--responsive-headings tbody tr:nth-child(2n) { background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244); border: 0px none; }
}
.Table--responsive-headings tbody tr:first-child { border-top: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); }
.Table--responsive-headings tbody td { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); position: relative; text-align: left; padding: 1.5em 1.5em 1.5em 12.3em; }
.Table--responsive-headings tbody td:last-child { border-bottom: 0px none; }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .Table--responsive-headings tbody td { white-space: normal; min-width: 110px; padding: 1em 1.5em; border-bottom: 0px none; border-right: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); }
  .Table--responsive-headings tbody td:first-child { border-left: 1px solid rgb(220, 220, 220); }
}
.Table--responsive-headings tbody td::before { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 90px; height: 100%; padding: 0px 1.5em; line-height: 4.6; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: 500; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); content: attr(data-title); }
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) {
  .Table--responsive-headings tbody td::before { line-height: 1; content: ""; position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; }
}
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .Table--responsive-headings tr { display: table-row; }
  .ie9 .Table--responsive-headings tr { float: none; clear: none; width: auto; }
}
.Table--responsive-headings td { box-sizing: border-box; }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .Table--responsive-headings td { display: table-cell; }
  .ie9 .Table--responsive-headings td { float: none; clear: none; width: auto; }
}
.u-sansSerif { font-family: sans-serif; }
.u-serif { font-family: Georgia,"New Century Schoolbook","Nimbus Roman No9 L",serif; }
.u-alpha { font-size: 2.8rem; margin-bottom: 24px; margin-top: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; letter-spacing: 0.04em; word-spacing: -0.1em; }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .u-alpha { font-size: 3.6rem; }
}
.u-beta { font-size: 2.2rem; margin-bottom: 24px; margin-top: 48px; line-height: 1.4; font-weight: 400; }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .u-beta { font-size: 2.8rem; }
}
.u-gamma { font-size: 1.8rem; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-top: 0px; }
.u-delta { font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-top: 0px; }
.u-epsilon { font-size: 1.4rem; }
.u-zeta { font-size: 1.3rem; }
.u-fontSmoothingReset, .u-fontHeading, .u-alpha, .u-beta { -moz-osx-font-smoothing: auto; }
.u-fontPrimary { font-family: sans-serif; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; }
.u-fontHeading, .u-alpha, .u-beta { font-family: Georgia,"New Century Schoolbook","Nimbus Roman No9 L",serif; }
.u-bold { font-weight: 700; }
.u-lightBold { font-weight: 600; }
.u-normal { font-weight: 400; }
.u-isHidden { display: none ! important; visibility: hidden; }
.u-showBlock { display: block ! important; }
.js-on .u-jsHide { display: none; }
.u-isNotVisible { visibility: hidden; }
.u-table, .Table.Table--two-column--aligned { display: table ! important; }
.u-srOnly { border: 0px none; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 1px; }
.u-fullWidth { width: 100%; }
.u-fakeLink { color: rgb(238, 125, 17); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: underline; }
.u-fakeLink:hover { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
.u-ellipsisBefore { padding-left: 1em; position: relative; }
.u-ellipsisBefore::before { bottom: -4px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); content: "..."; left: 0px; position: absolute; }
.u-error { color: rgb(250, 65, 30); }
.u-introText { color: rgb(226, 228, 226); }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .u-pullLeft { float: left ! important; }
}
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .u-pullRight { float: right ! important; }
}
.u-removeFloat { float: none ! important; }
.u-clearfix, .ListTab {  }
.u-clearfix::before, .u-clearfix::after, .ListTab::before, .ListTab::after { content: ""; display: table; }
.u-clearfix::after, .ListTab::after { clear: both; }
.u-clearListStyle { list-style: outside none none; }
.u-listReset, .ListTab, .Meta { list-style: outside none none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
.u-border-box, .ListTab_item, .ListTab > li, .ListStack--float { box-sizing: border-box; }
.u-btnReset { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 0px none; padding: 0px; }
.u-inline { display: inline; }
.u-block { display: block; }
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .u-sectionBorderLeft { border-left: 2px solid rgb(238, 125, 17); }
}
.u-paddingRightL { padding-right: 24px; }
.u-paddingLeftL { padding-left: 24px; }
.u-paddingLeftRightL { padding: 0px 24px; }
.u-marginTopS { margin-top: 8px ! important; }
.u-marginRightS { margin-right: 8px ! important; }
.u-marginTopM { margin-top: 16px ! important; }
.u-marginTopL { margin-top: 24px ! important; }
.u-marginTopXL { margin-top: 48px ! important; }
.u-marginTopXXL { margin-top: 72px ! important; }
.u-marginBtmS { margin-bottom: 8px ! important; }
.u-marginBtmM { margin-bottom: 16px ! important; }
.u-marginBtmL { margin-bottom: 24px ! important; }
.u-marginBtmXL { margin-bottom: 48px ! important; }
.u-textCenter { text-align: center; }
.u-textRight { text-align: right; }
.u-group { display: inline-block; }
.u-upperCase { text-transform: uppercase; }
.u-highlight { background-color: rgb(255, 238, 178); }
.u-highlightSection { background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); }
.u-Negative--alpha { color: rgb(196, 6, 6); }
.u-Negative--beta { color: rgb(239, 10, 10); }
.u-Negative--gamma { color: rgb(255, 117, 117); }
.u-Neutral--alpha { color: rgb(34, 34, 34); }
.u-Neutral--beta { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
.u-Neutral--gamma { color: rgb(85, 85, 85); }
.u-Neutral--delta { color: rgb(61, 62, 67); }
.u-Neutral--epsilon { color: rgb(76, 77, 81); }
.u-Neutral--zeta { color: rgb(102, 102, 102); }
.u-Neutral--eta { color: rgb(119, 119, 119); }
.u-Neutral--theta { color: rgb(153, 153, 153); }
.u-Neutral--iota { color: rgb(170, 170, 170); }
.u-Neutral--kappa { color: rgb(188, 188, 188); }
.u-Neutral--lambda { color: rgb(204, 204, 204); }
.u-Neutral--mu { color: rgb(208, 208, 208); }
.u-Neutral--nu { color: rgb(215, 215, 215); }
.u-Neutral--xi { color: rgb(220, 220, 220); }
.u-Neutral--omicron { color: rgb(229, 229, 229); }
.u-Neutral--pi { color: rgb(234, 234, 234); }
.u-Neutral--rho { color: rgb(239, 239, 239); }
.u-Neutral--sigma { color: rgb(241, 241, 241); }
.u-Neutral--tau { color: rgb(244, 244, 244); }
.u-Neutral--upsilon { color: rgb(248, 248, 248); }
.u-Neutral--chi { color: rgb(249, 249, 249); }
.u-Neutral--omega { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.u-visible-block--palm, .u-visible-block--lap, .u-visible-block--desk, .u-visible-inline--palm, .u-visible-inline--lap, .u-visible-inline--desk { display: none; }
@media (max-width: 599px) {
  .u-visible-block--palm { display: block; }
}
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .u-visible-block--lap { display: block; }
}
@media (min-width: 1004px) {
  .u-visible-block--desk { display: block; }
}
@media (max-width: 599px) {
  .u-visible-block--palm { display: block; }
}
@media (max-width: 599px) {
  .u-visible-inline--palm { display: inline; }
}
@media (min-width: 600px) {
  .u-visible-inline--lap { display: inline; }
}
@media (min-width: 1004px) {
  .u-visible-inline--desk { display: inline; }
}
@media (max-width: 599px) {
  .u-hidden-block--palm { display: none; }
}
@media (max-width: 599px) {
  .u-srOnly--palm { border: 0px none; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 1px; }
}
.u-z-index-1 { z-index: 5; }
.u-z-index-2 { z-index: 10; }
.u-z-index-3 { z-index: 15; }
@media screen and (min-device-width: 320px) {
}

/* ::::: http://link.springer.com/static/201607251336-111/css/springer_casper.min.css ::::: */

.FulltextWrapper { padding: 20px; }
img { border: 0px none; vertical-align: middle; max-width: 100%; }
.MathJax_ExBox, .MathJax_EmBox { display: block ! important; }
.ArticleContextInformation, .ChapterContextInformation { margin-bottom: 0.83em; }
.ContextInformation span { display: block; font-size: 11px; margin: 3px 0px; }
.BookContextInformation { font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); padding-bottom: 0.5em; }
.BookContextInformation .ContextInformationEditorsAuthors::after { content: ", "; }
.BookContextInformation .ContextInformationSeriesTitles::after { content: ", "; }
.BookContextInformation .BookTitle::after { content: ", "; }
.BookContextInformation .BookTitle { font-style: italic; }
.BookContextInformation .BookEdition::after { content: ", "; }
.BookContextInformation .ContextInformationDOI::after { content: ", "; }
.ArticleContextInformation .JournalTitle, .ArticleContextInformation .JournalSubTitle { display: block; }
.ChapterContextInformation .SeriesTitle, .ChapterContextInformation .SeriesSubTitle, .ChapterContextInformation .xBookTitle, .ChapterContextInformation .BookSubTitle { display: block; }
.ChapterContextInformation .BookEdition { display: inline; }
.ChapterContextInformation .BookEdition::before { content: ", "; }
.ArticleCopyright .CopyrightComment, .ChapterCopyright .CopyrightComment { display: block; }
.ContextInformation .ContextInformationBookTitles span { display: inline; }
.Categories { font-family: Georgia,"New Century Schoolbook","Nimbus Roman No9 L",serif; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.02em; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; }
.ArticleCategory, .ChapterCategory { font-size: 16px; margin: 14px 0px -14px; }
.ArticleSubCategory, .ChapterSubCategory { font-size: 13px; margin: 14px 0px -14px; }
.MainTitleSection { font-family: Georgia,"New Century Schoolbook","Nimbus Roman No9 L",serif; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.02em; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 30px; margin-bottom: 7px; margin-top: 14px; }
.ArticleSuperTitle { font-size: 19px; }
.ArticleTitle, .ChapterTitle { font-size: 24px; }
.ArticleSubTitle, .ChapterSubTitle { font-size: 19px; }
.Prefix::after { content: " "; }
.Suffix::before { content: " "; }
.NativeName::before, .Role::before { content: " ("; }
.NativeName::after, .Role::after { content: ")"; }
.Affiliation { font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 2px; }
.AffiliationText { display: inline; margin-left: 1em; }
.AffiliationHint { font-style: italic; }
.AffiliationNumber { float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; }
.ClearBoth { clear: both; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0 ! important; }
.Contact { font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; }
.Contact .ContactIcon { width: 14px; height: 10px; background-image: url('envelope.png'); background-repeat: no-repeat; float: left; margin-top: 4px; margin-right: 4px; }
.ContactAuthorLine { padding-left: 20px; font-weight: 700; }
.ContactAdditionalLine { padding-left: 20px; }
.ContactType { font-weight: 700; }
.ArticleHistory { font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; }
.HistoryLabel { font-weight: 700; }
.History + .History { padding-left: 0.5em; }
.ArticleOrChapterToc { border-top: 2px groove rgb(218, 219, 219); margin-top: 1em; padding-top: 1em; }
.ArticleOrChapterToc .HeadingNumber { font-weight: 700; padding-right: 0.3em; }
.Abstract { margin-top: 14px; }
.Abstract > .Heading { font-family: Georgia,"New Century Schoolbook","Nimbus Roman No9 L",serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.02em; line-height: 1.2; }
.AbstractSection { margin-top: 0.3em; }
.AbstractSection > .Heading { font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: 400; margin: 1.2em 0px 0.4em; }
@media all and (min-width: 1025px) {
  .AbstractSection > .Heading { font-size: 1.2em; margin: 0.7em 0px 0.3em; }
}
.KeywordGroup { margin-top: 1em; line-height: 1.6; }
.KeywordGroup .Heading { font-size: 16px; margin: 20px 0px 7px; }
.Keyword + .Keyword::before { content: " – "; }
.ForeignLanguageHeader { border-top: 2px groove rgb(218, 219, 219); margin-top: 1em; padding-left: 3em; }
.ForeignLanguageTitleSection { color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 1.2em; margin-top: 1.2em; }
.KeywordGroup + .ForeignLanguageHeader::before { border-top: 0px none; }
.KeywordGroup + .ForeignLanguageHeader { margin: 0px 0px 20px; }
.AbbreviationGroup { margin-top: 1em; }
.ForeignLanguageHeader + .AbbreviationGroup { border-top: 2px groove rgb(218, 219, 219); margin-top: 1em; padding-top: 1em; }
.AbbreviationGroup > .Heading { display: block; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 1em; }
.AbbreviationGroup .DefinitionList { padding: 0.1em 0.1em 0.1em 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; }
.AbbreviationGroupSection > .Heading { display: block; font-weight: 700; }
.ArticleNoteMotto { text-align: right; }
.ArticleNote:first-of-type { margin-top: 2em; border-top: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-top: 1em; }
.FulltextWrapper .ArticleNote .Heading { font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.ArticleNote p { font-style: italic; }
.Biography { display: table; padding-top: 0.8em; padding-bottom: 0px; width: 100%; }
.Biography .FormalPara { display: table-row-group; }
.Biography .BiographyFigure { display: table-footer-group; }
.Biography .Figure { border-bottom: 0px none; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0px; }
.Fulltext > .Para:first-of-type > .BlockQuote:first-of-type { margin-top: 0px; }
.BlockQuote { margin: 13px 40px; }
.BlockQuote > .Heading { font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; margin-top: 1em; }
.Caption { display: block; }
.Caption, .TableFooter { font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em; }
.CaptionNumber { font-weight: 700; padding-right: 0.5em; }
.CaptionContent > span { display: block; margin-top: 0.3em; }
.CaptionContent span:first-of-type { display: inline; margin-top: 0px; }
.TableFooter { margin-top: 1em; }
.Table .Caption { margin-top: 0.5em; }
.Figure .Caption { margin-bottom: 1em; }
.Table .Caption { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
Figure { margin: 2em 0px; }
.DefinitionList { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0.1em; }
.DefinitionList > .Heading { display: block; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.DefinitionListEntry { margin-left: 7px; clear: both; }
.Term { vertical-align: top; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; padding-right: 14px; }
.Description { padding-bottom: 7px; display: block; }
.Description .Para { line-height: 1.2; }
.EmphasisTypeBold { font-weight: 700; }
.EmphasisTypeItalic { font-style: italic; }
.EmphasisTypeUnderline { text-decoration: underline; }
.EmphasisTypeDoubleUnderline { border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.EmphasisTypeSmallCaps { font-variant: small-caps; }
.EmphasisTypeBoldItalic { font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; }
.EmphasisTypeBoldUnderline { font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; }
.EmphasisTypeBoldDoubleUnderline { font-weight: 700; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.EmphasisTypeBoldSmallCaps { font-weight: 700; font-variant: small-caps; }
.EmphasisTypeItalicUnderline { font-style: italic; text-decoration: underline; }
.EmphasisTypeItalicDoubleUnderline { font-style: italic; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.EmphasisTypeItalicSmallCaps { font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps; }
.EmphasisTypeBoldItalicUnderline { font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; text-decoration: underline; }
.EmphasisTypeBoldItalicDoubleUnderline { font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.EmphasisTypeBoldItalicSmallCaps { font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps; }
.EmphasisTypeUnderlineSmallCaps { text-decoration: underline; font-variant: small-caps; }
.EmphasisTypeDoubleUnderlineSmallCaps { border-bottom: 4px double rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant: small-caps; }
.EmphasisFontCategoryNonProportional { font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; }
.EmphasisFontCategorySansSerif { font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; }
.EmphasisTypeStrikethrough { text-decoration: line-through; }
.Figure { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; padding-top: 0.5em; text-indent: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; text-align: center; }
.OpeningFigure .Figure { padding-bottom: 1em; }
.Biography .Figure { border-bottom: 0px none; }
.Figure img { height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; }
.MediaObject { display: block; }
.MediaObject + .MediaObject { margin-top: 1em; }
.FootnoteSection { border-top: 1px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-top: 2.5em; }
.FootnoteSection > .Heading { display: block; font-family: Georgia,"New Century Schoolbook","Nimbus Roman No9 L",serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.02em; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 7px; }
.Footnote { clear: both; text-align: left; }
.FootnoteNumber { float: left; padding-right: 0.5em; vertical-align: super; }
.FootnoteParas div { margin-left: 1em; margin-top: 0.3em; }
.Footnote > .FootnoteNumber { margin-top: 0.2em; vertical-align: baseline; }
.FootnoteContent { margin-bottom: 7px; }
.Equation { margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 100%; display: table; }
.EquationContent { text-align: left; display: table-cell; }
.EquationNumber { text-align: right; float: right; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; }
.EquationSourceXml { white-space: nowrap; }
.HeadingNumber { padding-right: 0.3em; }
.RenderAsSection1 > .Heading { display: block; font-family: Georgia,"New Century Schoolbook","Nimbus Roman No9 L",serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.02em; margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 7px; }
.RenderAsSection2 > .Heading { display: block; font-family: Georgia,"New Century Schoolbook","Nimbus Roman No9 L",serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.02em; margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 7px; }
.RenderAsSection3 > .Heading { display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 700; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; }
.RenderAsSection4 > .Heading { display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; }
.RenderAsSection5 > .Heading { display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; }
.RenderAsSection6 > .Heading { display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; }
.RenderAsSection7 > .Heading { display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: underline; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; }
.SectionTypeBox > .Heading, .SectionTypeOverview > .Heading, .SectionTypeWarning > .Heading { margin-top: 8px; }
.FormalPara { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; }
.FormalParaRenderingStyle1 > .Heading { font-style: italic; padding-right: 1em; }
.FormalParaRenderingStyle2 > .Heading { padding-right: 1em; text-decoration: underline; }
.FormalParaRenderingStyle3 > .Heading { padding-right: 1em; }
.Literal { font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; }
.OrderedList { display: table; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1.5em; }
.OrderedList .Heading { display: table-caption; font-style: italic; margin-top: 1em; margin-left: -1.5em; }
.OrderedList .Heading + .ListItem { margin-top: 0px; }
.ListItem { padding-top: 0.5em; }
.ItemNumber { float: left; margin-right: 0.7em; font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; margin-top: 3px; }
.Para, p { line-height: 1.6; }
.Para + .Para { margin-top: 0.5em; }
.ParaTypeExample, .ParaTypeTip { border-left: 4px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); padding-left: 0.5em; margin-top: 1em ! important; margin-bottom: 1em; }
.ParaTypeEyeCatcher, .ParaTypeImportant, .ParaTypeWarning { background: rgb(241, 241, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 2px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.8em ! important; margin-bottom: 0.8em; }
.ParaTypeGeneticSequence, .ParaTypeLiteral, .ParaTypeProgramCode { font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; }
.ParaTypeLegalText { font-weight: 700; text-align: left; }
.ParaTypeOverview { border: 2px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); margin-top: 0.8em ! important; margin-bottom: 0.8em; padding: 0.5em; }
.ParaTypeSource { font-style: italic; }
.ParaTypeTrailer { font-weight: 700; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; }
.Section1 .AuthorNames, .Section2 .AuthorNames, .Section3 .AuthorNames { margin-top: 0.3em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
.SectionTypeBox, .SectionTypeOverview { border: 2px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); margin-top: 1em ! important; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.5em; }
.SectionTypeExample, .SectionTypeTip { border-left: 4px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); margin-top: 1em ! important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0.5em; }
.SectionTypeExample > .Heading {  }
.SectionTypeLegalText, .SectionTypeTrailer { font-weight: 700; text-align: left; }
.SectionTypeWarning { background: rgb(214, 214, 214) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 2px solid rgb(218, 219, 219); margin-top: 1em ! important; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.5em; }
.RenderAsSection1 { border-top: 2px groove rgb(218, 219, 219); margin-top: 1em; }
.SectionTypeBox + .RenderAsSection1, .SectionTypeOverview + .RenderAsSection1, .SectionTypeWarning + .RenderAsSection1 { border-top: 0px none; }
.SidebarDialog { border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 1em 2em; padding: 0.2em; text-indent: 0px; }
.SidebarNumber { font-weight: 700; padding-right: 0.5em; }
.SimplePara + .SimplePara { margin-top: 0.5em; }
.SimplePara { line-height: 1.2; margin: 7px 0px; }
.UnorderedList { margin: 0px 0px 7px 20px; }
.UnorderedList ul { margin-top: 0.5em; }
.UnorderedList .Heading { display: block; font-style: italic; margin: 1em 0px 0px ! important; }
.Heading + ul { margin-top: 0px; }
ul.UnorderedListMarkBullet { list-style-type: disc; }
ul.UnorderedListMarkBullet div { margin-bottom: 0.3em; }
ul.UnorderedListMarkNone { list-style-type: none; }
ul.UnorderedListMarkNone div { margin-bottom: 0.3em; }
ul.UnorderedListMarkDash { list-style: outside none none; padding-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; margin-left: -12px; }
ul.UnorderedListMarkDash div:first-of-type { display: inline; }
ul.UnorderedListMarkDash div { text-indent: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; }
ul.UnorderedListMarkDash li::before { content: "– "; }
.Acknowledgments .SimplePara { margin-top: 0px; }
.Glossary { border-top: 2px groove rgb(218, 219, 219); margin-top: 0.5em; padding-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0.8em; }
.Glossary .Headings { font-family: Georgia,"New Century Schoolbook","Nimbus Roman No9 L",serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.02em; margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 7px; }
.Glossary > .Headings > .Heading { display: block; font-size: 19pt; }
.Glossary > .Headings > .SubHeading { display: block; font-size: 14pt; }
.GlossarySection .Headings { font-family: Georgia,"New Century Schoolbook","Nimbus Roman No9 L",serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.02em; margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 7px; }
.GlossarySection > .Headings > .Heading { display: block; font-size: 16pt; }
.GlossarySection > .Headings > .SubHeading { display: block; font-size: 12pt; }
.GlossaryTerm { font-style: italic; padding-right: 0.5em; }
.GlossarySeeLabel, .GlossarySeeAlsoLabel { font-style: italic; padding-right: 0.3em; }
.GlossaryEntry { margin-bottom: 1em; }
.GlossaryDef { margin-top: 0.3em; }
.GlossaryTerm { display: inline; font-weight: 700; }
.GlossaryTerm + .GlossarySee, .GlossaryTerm + .GlossarySeeAlso { display: inline; }
.Toc, .TocAppendix { border-top: 2px groove rgb(0, 0, 0); margin-top: 1em; padding-top: 1em; }
.Toc .Headings, .TocAppendix .Headings { font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 1em; }
.Toc > .Headings > .Heading, .TocAppendix > .Headings > .Heading { display: block; font-size: 19pt; }
.Toc > .Headings > .SubHeading, .TocAppendix > .Headings > .SubHeading { display: block; font-size: 14pt; }
.TocEntry, .TocPart, .TocBack { margin-top: 1em; }
.TocItem { font-weight: 700; }
.TocPageNumber { display: none; }
.Toc .TocAuthors, .TocAppendix .TocAuthors { padding-left: 2em; }
.Index { border-top: 2px groove rgb(0, 0, 0); margin-top: 1em; padding-top: 0.3em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; }
.Index .Headings { font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: 700; margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; }
.Index > .Headings > .Heading { display: block; font-size: 19pt; }
.Index > .Headings > .SubHeading { display: block; font-size: 14pt; }
.IndexDiv .Headings { font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: 700; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; }
.IndexDiv > .Headings > .Heading { display: block; font-size: 16pt; }
.IndexDiv > .Headings > .SubHeading { display: block; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; }
.IndexEntrySeeLabel { font-style: italic; margin-left: 1em; padding-right: 0.3em; }
.SecondaryIE { margin-left: 1em; }
.TertiaryIE { margin-left: 2em; }
.Bibliography { border-top: 2px groove rgb(218, 219, 219); margin-top: 1em; width: 75%; }
.Bibliography > .Heading { display: block; font-family: Georgia,"New Century Schoolbook","Nimbus Roman No9 L",serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.02em; margin-top: 14px; margin-bottom: 7px; }
.BibSection > .Heading { display: block; font-size: 12pt; }
.Citation { margin-top: 1em; }
.Citation:first-of-type { margin-top: 0px; }
.CitationNumber { float: left; }
.CitationNumber + .CitationContent { padding-left: 2em; text-align: left; }
.Occurrences { display: block; }
.BibliographyWrapper { display: table; }
.BibSection { display: table; }
.BibSection > .Heading { display: block; font-size: 12pt; margin-top: 0.83em; }
.BibliographyWrapper > .BibSection:first-child > .Heading:first-child { margin-top: 0.3em; }
.Occurrences { display: block; }
.Occurrence { margin-right: 15px; }
.OccurrenceAMSID a span span::after, .OccurrenceBibcode a span span::after, .OccurrenceCOI a span span::after, .OccurrenceDOI a span span::after, .OccurrencePID a span span::after, .OccurrenceSpringerLink a span span::after, .OccurrenceZLBID a span span::after { width: 8px; height: 8px; content: ""; display: inline-block; margin-left: 8px; background: transparent url('png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAICAYAAADED76LAAAALUlEQVQYlWNgLDv8H4YZoABFDFkCGeBVABPDqgBDA') no-repeat scroll right center; }
.Citation .ArticleTitle::before, .Citation .ChapterTitle::before { content: " “"; }
.Citation .ArticleTitle, .Citation .ChapterTitle { display: inline; font-size: 10pt; }
.Citation .ArticleTitle::after { content: "” "; }
.Citation .ChapterTitle::after { content: "” In: "; }
.Citation .Year::before { content: " ("; }
.Citation .Year::after { content: ") "; }
.Citation .JournalTitle::after { content: " "; }
.Citation .VolumeID::after { content: ":"; }
.BibChapter .FirstPage::before, .BibBook .FirstPage::before { content: ", pp "; }
.Citation .FirstPage + .LastPage::before { content: "–"; }
.Citation .BookTitle::after, .Citation .BibEditorName::after, .Citation .EditionNumber::after, .Citation .PublisherName::after { content: ", "; }
.BibComments { display: block; }
.return-to-abstract { border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204); display: block; font-size: 1.2em; margin: 4px 39px 0px; padding: 1em 0px; }
.return-to-abstract span { margin-left: -18px; }
.FulltextWrapper { margin: 25px 4.25% 0px; padding: 0px; }
.ArticleContextInformation, .Categories, .MainTitleSection, .AuthorNames, .AuthorGroup, .ArticleHistory, .KeywordGroup, .AbbreviationGroup, .ArticleNote, .Heading, .Para, .Acknowledgments, .ArticleOrChapterToc, .ForeignLanguageHeader, .SectionTypeWarning, .Glossary, .License, .ArticleCopyright { width: 73.25%; }
@media all and (max-width: 980px) {
  .ArticleContextInformation, .Categories, .MainTitleSection, .AuthorNames, .AuthorGroup, .ArticleHistory, .KeywordGroup, .AbbreviationGroup, .ArticleNote, .Heading, .Para, .Acknowledgments, .ArticleOrChapterToc, .ForeignLanguageHeader, .SectionTypeWarning, .ArticleNote, .Glossary, .License, .ArticleCopyright { width: 75%; }
}
@media all and (max-width: 850px) {
  .FulltextWrapper { margin-right: 4.25%; }
  .ArticleContextInformation, .Categories, .MainTitleSection, .AuthorNames, .AuthorGroup, .ArticleHistory, .KeywordGroup, .AbbreviationGroup, .ArticleNote, .Heading, .Para, .Acknowledgments, .ArticleOrChapterToc, .ForeignLanguageHeader, .SectionTypeWarning, .Glossary, .License, .ArticleCopyright { width: 100%; }
}
.AbbreviationGroup .Para, .Para .Para, .Acknowledgments .Para, .ForeignLanguageHeader .KeywordGroup, .ForeignLanguageHeader .Para, .SectionTypeWarning .Heading, .SectionTypeWarning .Para, .Glossary .Heading, .SidebarSection .Heading { width: 100%; }
@media only screen and (max-device-width: 1024px) {
  .Para { font-size: 1.3em; }
  .Footnote .Para { font-size: 1em; }
}
.ArticleOrChapterToc { line-height: 2em; }
.Categories { margin: 21px 0px 16px; }
.FormalPara { margin: 0px; }
.FormalPara .MediaObject { margin-bottom: 0px; }
.ForeignLanguageHeader { padding-left: 0px; }
.ArticleTitle { font-size: 1em; }
.Author { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: 400; }
.Author sup { margin-left: 2px; }
.Affiliation { margin-bottom: 6px; }
.AffiliationNumber { float: left; margin-left: -2.5em; text-align: right; width: 2em; }
.AffiliationText { margin-left: 0px; }
.History { display: block; line-height: 1.5em; }
.History + .History { padding: 0px; }
.FulltextWrapper .Heading { margin: 1em 0px; }
.OrderedList { margin-left: 1em; }
.Contact { margin-left: -1.5em; }
.RenderAsSection1, .ArticleOrChapterToc, .ForeignLanguageHeader, .ForeignLanguageHeader + .AbbreviationGroup, .Biographies, .Glossary, .SidebarSection, .Acknowledgments { border: 0px none; margin-top: 2em; }
.RenderAsSection1::before, .ArticleOrChapterToc::before, .ForeignLanguageHeader::before, .ForeignLanguageHeader + .AbbreviationGroup::before, .Biographies::after, .Glossary::before, .SidebarSection::before, .Acknowledgments::before { content: ""; display: block; border-top: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); }
.RenderAsSection1::before, .Biographies::after { width: 70%; }
.ArticleOrChapterToc::before, .ForeignLanguageHeader::before, .ForeignLanguageHeader + .AbbreviationGroup::before, .Glossary::before, .SidebarSection::before { width: 100%; }
@media all and (max-width: 980px) {
  .RenderAsSection1::before { width: 75%; }
}
@media all and (max-width: 850px) {
  .RenderAsSection1::before { width: 100%; }
}
.Figure .Caption { margin-bottom: 0px; }
.MediaObject { margin-bottom: 1.5em; }
.MediaObject img { max-width: 100%; }
.Table { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1.5em; }
.Table table { display: table; }
.Bibliography { border: 0px none; margin-top: 2.5em; }
.Bibliography::before { content: ""; display: block; border-top: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); }
.Citation { line-height: 1.6em; }
.CitationNumber { margin-right: 1em; }
.CitationNumber + .CitationContent { padding-left: 0px; }
.License, .CopyrightComment { font-style: italic; }
.License strong { display: block; margin: 7px 0px 4px; }

/* ::::: null ::::: */

.MathJax_Hover_Frame { border-radius: 0.25em; box-shadow: 0px 0px 15px rgb(136, 51, 170); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 102, 221) ! important; display: inline-block; position: absolute; }
.MathJax_Menu_Button .MathJax_Hover_Arrow { position: absolute; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; border: 2px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-radius: 4px; font-family: "Courier New",Courier; font-size: 9px; color: rgb(240, 240, 240); }
.MathJax_Menu_Button .MathJax_Hover_Arrow span { display: block; background-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border: 1px solid; border-radius: 3px; line-height: 0; padding: 4px; }
.MathJax_Hover_Arrow:hover { color: white ! important; border: 2px solid rgb(204, 204, 204) ! important; }
.MathJax_Hover_Arrow:hover span { background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204) ! important; }

/* ::::: null ::::: */

#MathJax_About { position: fixed; left: 50%; width: auto; text-align: center; border: 3px outset; padding: 1em 2em; background-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); color: black; cursor: default; font-family: message-box; font-size: 120%; font-style: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; line-height: normal; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; z-index: 201; border-radius: 15px; box-shadow: 0px 10px 20px rgb(128, 128, 128); }
#MathJax_About.MathJax_MousePost { outline: medium none; }
.MathJax_Menu { position: absolute; background-color: white; color: black; width: auto; padding: 5px 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px; cursor: default; font: menu; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; line-height: normal; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; z-index: 201; border-radius: 5px; box-shadow: 0px 10px 20px rgb(128, 128, 128); }
.MathJax_MenuItem { padding: 1px 2em; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
.MathJax_MenuArrow { position: absolute; right: 0.5em; padding-top: 0.25em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 0.75em; }
.MathJax_MenuActive .MathJax_MenuArrow { color: white; }
.MathJax_MenuArrow.RTL { left: 0.5em; right: auto; }
.MathJax_MenuCheck { position: absolute; left: 0.7em; }
.MathJax_MenuCheck.RTL { right: 0.7em; left: auto; }
.MathJax_MenuRadioCheck { position: absolute; left: 0.7em; }
.MathJax_MenuRadioCheck.RTL { right: 0.7em; left: auto; }
.MathJax_MenuLabel { padding: 1px 2em 3px 1.33em; font-style: italic; }
.MathJax_MenuRule { border-top: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); margin: 4px 3px; }
.MathJax_MenuDisabled { color: graytext; }
.MathJax_MenuActive { background-color: rgb(96, 104, 114); color: white; }
.MathJax_MenuDisabled:focus, .MathJax_MenuLabel:focus { background-color: rgb(232, 232, 232); }
.MathJax_ContextMenu:focus { outline: medium none; }
.MathJax_ContextMenu .MathJax_MenuItem:focus { outline: medium none; }
#MathJax_AboutClose { top: 0.2em; right: 0.2em; }
.MathJax_Menu .MathJax_MenuClose { top: -10px; left: -10px; }
.MathJax_MenuClose { position: absolute; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; border: 2px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-radius: 18px; font-family: "Courier New",Courier; font-size: 24px; color: rgb(240, 240, 240); }
.MathJax_MenuClose span { display: block; background-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border: 1.5px solid; border-radius: 18px; line-height: 0; padding: 8px 0px 6px; }
.MathJax_MenuClose:hover { color: white ! important; border: 2px solid rgb(204, 204, 204) ! important; }
.MathJax_MenuClose:hover span { background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204) ! important; }
.MathJax_MenuClose:hover:focus { outline: medium none; }

/* ::::: null ::::: */

.MathJax_Preview .MJXf-math { color: inherit ! important; }

/* ::::: null ::::: */

.MJX_Assistive_MathML { position: absolute ! important; top: 0px; left: 0px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); padding: 1px 0px 0px ! important; border: 0px none ! important; height: 1px ! important; width: 1px ! important; overflow: hidden ! important; display: block ! important; -moz-user-select: none; }
.MJX_Assistive_MathML.MJX_Assistive_MathML_Block { width: 100% ! important; }

/* ::::: null ::::: */

#MathJax_Zoom { position: absolute; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); overflow: auto; display: block; z-index: 301; padding: 0.5em; border: 1px solid black; margin: 0px; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; line-height: normal; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; box-sizing: content-box; box-shadow: 5px 5px 15px rgb(170, 170, 170); }
#MathJax_ZoomOverlay { position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; z-index: 300; display: inline-block; width: 100%; height: 100%; border: 0px none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; background-color: white; opacity: 0; }
#MathJax_ZoomFrame { position: relative; display: inline-block; height: 0px; width: 0px; }
#MathJax_ZoomEventTrap { position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; z-index: 302; display: inline-block; border: 0px none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; background-color: white; opacity: 0; }

/* ::::: null ::::: */

.MathJax_Preview { color: rgb(136, 136, 136); }
#MathJax_Message { position: fixed; left: 1px; bottom: 2px; background-color: rgb(230, 230, 230); border: 1px solid rgb(149, 149, 149); margin: 0px; padding: 2px 8px; z-index: 102; color: black; font-size: 80%; width: auto; white-space: nowrap; }
#MathJax_MSIE_Frame { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 0px; z-index: 101; border: 0px none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
.MathJax_Error { color: rgb(204, 0, 0); font-style: italic; }

/* ::::: https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets.freshdesk.com/widget/freshwidget.css?ver=2 ::::: */

.freshwidget-button a:hover, .freshwidget-theme { text-decoration: none; }
.widget-ovelay { opacity: 0.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.freshwidget-container, .widget-ovelay { position: fixed; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: 90002; }
.fd-btn-left a { left: -2px; }
.fd-btn-left a:hover { left: 0px; }
.fd-btn-right { right: -2px; }
.fd-btn-right:hover { right: 0px; }
.ie8.fd-btn-right, .ie9.fd-btn-right { right: 35px; }
.ie8.fd-btn-right:hover, .ie9.fd-btn-right:hover { right: 33px; }
.fd-btn-top { top: -2px; }
.fd-btn-top:hover { top: 0px; }
.fd-btn-bottom { bottom: 0px; }
.fd-btn-bottom a { bottom: -2px; }
.fd-btn-bottom a:hover { bottom: 0px; }
.freshwidget-theme { padding: 8px 16px; background-color: rgb(1, 84, 83); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; outline: 0px none; }
.freshwidget-theme:hover { color: rgb(243, 243, 243); }
.freshwidget-customimage { overflow: visible; }
.fd-btn-right .freshwidget-customimage { right: 0px; }
.freshwidget-button { position: fixed; display: block ! important; width: 0px; height: 0px; z-index: 90000; margin: 0px; outline: 0px none; }
.freshwidget-button a { position: fixed; white-space: nowrap; outline: 0px none; }
.proxy-link { position: absolute; z-index: 10; outline: 0px none; }
.fd-btn-left a.freshwidget-theme, .fd-btn-top a.freshwidget-theme { border-bottom-left-radius: 6px; border-bottom-right-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0px -1px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08) inset, 0px -2px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7) inset, 0px 9px 29px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) inset; }
.fd-btn-left a.freshwidget-theme { transform: rotate(-90deg); transform-origin: left top 0px; }
.fd-btn-bottom a.freshwidget-theme, .fd-btn-right a.freshwidget-theme { border-top-left-radius: 6px; border-top-right-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0px 1px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08) inset, 0px 2px 0px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7) inset, 0px -9px 29px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) inset; }
.fd-btn-right a.freshwidget-theme { transform: rotate(-90deg); transform-origin: left bottom 0px; }
.fd-btn-left a.ie10 {  }
.fd-btn-right a.ie10 {  }
.freshwidget-dialog { position: absolute; padding: 8px 0px; left: 50%; margin-left: -260px; top: 20px; z-index: 900010; }
.freshwidget-dialog-box-close { animation: 0.15s ease-in-out 0s normal forwards 1 running freshwidget-dialog-box-animation-close; }
.freshwidget-dialog-box { animation: 0.15s ease-in-out 0s normal forwards 1 running freshwidget-dialog-box-animation; }
.freshwidget-dialog iframe { width: 526px; height: 600px; }
.freshwidget-dialog iframe.iframeClose { animation: 0.15s ease-in-out 0s normal forwards 1 running iframe-animation-close; }
.freshwidget-dialog iframe.iframeResize { animation: 0.15s ease-in-out 0s normal forwards 1 running iframeResize-animation; }
.freshwidget-dialog .widget-close { display: block; position: absolute; left: -12px; top: 16px; width: 32px; height: 32px; background: rgb(109, 117, 116) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; cursor: pointer; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(109, 117, 116) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(255, 255, 255); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px; font-size: 26px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 600; line-height: 20px; font-family: HelveticaNeue-Light,"Helvetica Neue Light","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif; }
.widget-close::before { content: "×"; position: absolute; left: 9px; top: 4px; }
.mobile-widget-arrow, .mobile-widget-close { display: none; }
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .responsive .mobile-widget-arrow-block, .responsive .mobile-widget-close { display: block; }
  .responsive .freshwidget-container, .responsive .widget-ovelay { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
  .responsive .mobile-widget-arrow, .responsive .mobile-widget-close { position: fixed; top: 2%; font-size: 32px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; left: 15px; z-index: 10; cursor: pointer; line-height: 15px; font-family: HelveticaNeue-Light,"Helvetica Neue Light","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,"Lucida Grande",sans-serif; }
  .responsive .freshwidget-dialog .widget-close, .responsive .mobile-widget-close-none { display: none; }
  .responsive .mobile-widget-arrow::before { content: "<"; }
  .responsive .mobile-widget-close::before { content: "×"; }
  .responsive .freshwidget-dialog { left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; top: 0px; }
  .responsive .freshwidget-dialog iframe { position: fixed; top: 0px; height: 100% ! important; width: 100%; }
}

/* ::::: null ::::: */

.MJXp-script { font-size: 0.8em; }
.MJXp-right { transform-origin: right center 0px; }
.MJXp-bold { font-weight: bold; }
.MJXp-italic { font-style: italic; }
.MJXp-scr { font-family: MathJax_Script,"Times New Roman",Times,STIXGeneral,serif; }
.MJXp-frak { font-family: MathJax_Fraktur,"Times New Roman",Times,STIXGeneral,serif; }
.MJXp-sf { font-family: MathJax_SansSerif,"Times New Roman",Times,STIXGeneral,serif; }
.MJXp-cal { font-family: MathJax_Caligraphic,"Times New Roman",Times,STIXGeneral,serif; }
.MJXp-mono { font-family: MathJax_Typewriter,"Times New Roman",Times,STIXGeneral,serif; }
.MJXp-largeop { font-size: 150%; }
.MJXp-largeop.MJXp-int { vertical-align: -0.2em; }
.MJXp-math { display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: 0px; font-family: "Times New Roman",Times,STIXGeneral,serif; white-space: nowrap; border-collapse: collapse; }
.MJXp-display { display: block; text-align: center; margin: 1em 0px; }
.MJXp-math span { display: inline-block; }
.MJXp-box { display: block ! important; text-align: center; }
.MJXp-box::after { content: " "; }
.MJXp-rule { display: block ! important; margin-top: 0.1em; }
.MJXp-char { display: block ! important; }
.MJXp-mo { margin: 0px 0.15em; }
.MJXp-mfrac { margin: 0px 0.125em; vertical-align: 0.25em; }
.MJXp-denom { display: inline-table ! important; width: 100%; }
.MJXp-denom > * { display: table-row ! important; }
.MJXp-surd { vertical-align: top; }
.MJXp-surd > * { display: block ! important; }
.MJXp-script-box > * { display: table ! important; height: 50%; }
.MJXp-script-box > * > * { display: table-cell ! important; vertical-align: top; }
.MJXp-script-box > :last-child > * { vertical-align: bottom; }
.MJXp-script-box > * > * > * { display: block ! important; }
.MJXp-mphantom { visibility: hidden; }
.MJXp-munderover { display: inline-table ! important; }
.MJXp-over { display: inline-block ! important; text-align: center; }
.MJXp-over > * { display: block ! important; }
.MJXp-munderover > * { display: table-row ! important; }
.MJXp-mtable { vertical-align: 0.25em; margin: 0px 0.125em; }
.MJXp-mtable > * { display: inline-table ! important; vertical-align: middle; }
.MJXp-mtr { display: table-row ! important; }
.MJXp-mtd { display: table-cell ! important; text-align: center; padding: 0.5em 0px 0px 0.5em; }
.MJXp-mtr > .MJXp-mtd:first-child { padding-left: 0px; }
.MJXp-mtr:first-child > .MJXp-mtd { padding-top: 0px; }
.MJXp-mlabeledtr { display: table-row ! important; }
.MJXp-mlabeledtr > .MJXp-mtd:first-child { padding-left: 0px; }
.MJXp-mlabeledtr:first-child > .MJXp-mtd { padding-top: 0px; }
.MJXp-merror { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 136); color: rgb(204, 0, 0); border: 1px solid rgb(204, 0, 0); padding: 1px 3px; font-style: normal; font-size: 90%; }
.MJXp-scale0 { transform: scaleX(0); }
.MJXp-scale1 { transform: scaleX(0.1); }
.MJXp-scale2 { transform: scaleX(0.2); }
.MJXp-scale3 { transform: scaleX(0.3); }
.MJXp-scale4 { transform: scaleX(0.4); }
.MJXp-scale5 { transform: scaleX(0.5); }
.MJXp-scale6 { transform: scaleX(0.6); }
.MJXp-scale7 { transform: scaleX(0.7); }
.MJXp-scale8 { transform: scaleX(0.8); }
.MJXp-scale9 { transform: scaleX(0.9); }
.MathJax_PHTML .noError { font-size: 90%; text-align: left; color: black; padding: 1px 3px; border: 1px solid; }

/* ::::: null ::::: */

.MathJax_Display { text-align: center; margin: 0px; position: relative; display: block ! important; text-indent: 0px; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; width: 100%; }
.MathJax .merror { background-color: rgb(255, 255, 136); color: rgb(204, 0, 0); border: 1px solid rgb(204, 0, 0); padding: 1px 3px; font-style: normal; font-size: 90%; }
.MathJax .MJX-monospace { font-family: monospace; }
.MathJax .MJX-sans-serif { font-family: sans-serif; }
#MathJax_Tooltip { background-color: infobackground; color: infotext; border: 1px solid black; box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 3px 4px; z-index: 401; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: auto; height: auto; display: none; }
.MathJax { display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 100%; font-size-adjust: none; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
.MathJax:focus, body :focus .MathJax { display: inline-table; }
.MathJax.MathJax_FullWidth { text-align: center; display: table-cell ! important; width: 10000em ! important; }
.MathJax img, .MathJax nobr, .MathJax a { border: 0px none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; line-height: normal; text-decoration: none; }
img.MathJax_strut { border: 0px none ! important; padding: 0px ! important; margin: 0px ! important; vertical-align: 0px ! important; }
.MathJax span { display: inline; position: static; border: 0px none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: 0px; line-height: normal; text-decoration: none; }
.MathJax nobr { white-space: nowrap ! important; }
.MathJax img { display: inline ! important; float: none ! important; }
.MathJax * { transition: none 0s ease 0s ; }
.MathJax_Processing { visibility: hidden; position: fixed; width: 0px; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; }
.MathJax_Processed { display: none ! important; }
.MathJax_ExBox { display: block ! important; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; height: 60ex; min-height: 0px; max-height: none; }
.MathJax .MathJax_EmBox { display: block ! important; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; height: 60em; min-height: 0px; max-height: none; }
.MathJax_LineBox { display: table ! important; }
.MathJax_LineBox span { display: table-cell ! important; width: 10000em ! important; min-width: 0px; max-width: none; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; margin: 0px; }
.MathJax .MathJax_HitBox { cursor: text; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; opacity: 0; }
.MathJax .MathJax_HitBox * { filter: none; opacity: 1; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
#MathJax_Tooltip * { filter: none; opacity: 1; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
#MathJax_Message { margin: 0px; }
.MathJax .noError { font-size: 90%; text-align: left; color: black; padding: 1px 3px; border: 1px solid; }
