
/* ::::: http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-global-sidebars.css ::::: */

#col-2 { background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); }
#col-3 { background-color: rgb(216, 216, 216); }
#col-2 div#docked-nav { position: fixed; top: 5px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) white; -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; background-color: white; width: 210px; padding: 0px; margin: 5px 10px 0px 0px; }
#col-2 div#docked-nav ol { list-style: outside none none; }
#col-2 div#docked-nav div.content-box { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
#col-2 div#docked-slugline { margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; }
#col-2 div#docked-slugline, #col-2 div#slugline, #col-2 .cb-corr-slug div.correction-for-article, #col-2 .cb-corr-slug div.retraction-for-article, #col-2 .cb-corr-slug div.revision-for-article, #col-2 .cb-addendum-slug div.addendum-for-article { font-size: 86.38%; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px; }
#col-2 div#docked-slugline .slug-metadata-note, #col-2 div#slugline .slug-metadata-note { display: block; margin-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; }
#col-2 div#docked-slugline cite, #col-2 div#slugline cite { margin: 3px 0px; }
#col-2 div.related-article { font-size: 80%; font-weight: bold; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 10px; padding: 5px; }
#col-2 div.related-article a:hover { border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(102, 0, 51); }
#col-2 div.related-article a:active, #col-2 div.related-article a:link, #col-2 div.related-article a:visited { color: rgb(64, 64, 64); text-decoration: none; }
#col-2 div.search-nav h4 { margin: 0px 0px 0.7em; text-align: center; }
#col-2 #col-2-modify-search-results div { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
#col-2 #col-2-modify-search-results div div { margin: inherit; padding: inherit; }
div.content-box ol { list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
div.content-box #content_box_errata { list-style: outside none none; }
div.content-box #content_box_addendum { list-style: outside none none; }
#col-2 div.content-box { margin: 1em 7px 0px 0px; font-size: 83.33%; background-color: rgb(219, 219, 219); border-right: 1px solid white; padding: 5px 12px 5px 0px; line-height: 1; }
#col-3 div.content-box { margin: 0px; font-size: 83.33%; padding: 5px 0px; line-height: 1; }
#col-2 .content-box h3 { font-size: 1.2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px 0.3em 5px; }
#col-3 .content-box h3 { font-size: 1.2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px; }
#col-2 .content-box h4 { font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px 0.3em 9px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(185, 194, 141); height: 1.4em; }
#col-2 div.content-box div.collapsed h4, #col-2 div.content-box div.collapsible h4 { clear: both; padding: 0.175em 0px 0.175em 9px; }
div.content-box div.collapsible h4 a, div.content-box div.collapsed h4 a { color: black; }
div.content-box div.collapsible h4 a:visited, div.content-box div.collapsed h4 a:visited { color: black; }
div.content-box div.collapsible h4 a:hover, div.content-box div.collapsed h4 a:hover { border: medium none; }
#col-3 .content-box h4 { font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px; }
#col-2 div.cb-contents { background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-left: 1px solid rgb(213, 218, 186); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 5px; }
#col-3 div.cb-contents { margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 5px; }
#col-2 div.cb-section { padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px -1px; border-left: 1px solid white; background-color: white; border-right: 10px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); }
#col-2 div.cb-section ol { padding: 3px 0px; }
#col-3 div.cb-section { padding: 3px 10px 3px 0px; margin: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(185, 194, 141); }
#col-2 div.content-box div.cb-slug, #col-2 div.content-box div.cb-corr-slug, #col-2 div.content-box div.cb-addendum-slug { padding-top: 3px; }
div.content-box .cb-slug ol, div.content-box div.cb-corr-slug ol, div.content-box div.cb-addendum-slug ol { border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); margin: 0px 4px; }
div.content-box .cb-section .cb-versions { margin: 5px 5px 0px; border-top: 2px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); }
#col-2 div.content-box .cb-section .cb-versions div { margin: 0px 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0.5em 0px 0px; }
div.content-box .cb-section .cb-versions .current-version { font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; margin-left: 0.5em; }
#cb-art-cat ol, #cb-art-cat ul { margin: 0px 0px 0px 9px; padding: 0px; }
#cb-art-cat ol span { font-weight: bold; }
#col-2 #cb-art-cat ol ul { list-style: outside none none; margin-left: 9px; }
#cb-art-cat ol li { margin-left: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 1.4; }
#cb-art-cat ol li li { margin-bottom: 0px; }
#cb-art-cat ol li li li { margin-left: 10%; }
#col-3 div.content-box div.sidebar-etoc-link { border: medium none; padding-bottom: 0px; }
#col-2 p.social-bookmarking-help { line-height: 1; margin: 5px 0px 0px; }
#col-2 #article-cb-main .social-bookmark-links { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: medium none; }
#col-2 #article-cb-main .social-bookmark-links a:hover { border: medium none; }
#col-2 #article-cb-main .soc-bm-link-text { display: none; }
#col-2 #article-cb-main div.relmgr-relation, #col-2 #article-cb-main li.relmgr-relation, #col-2 #docked-cb .relmgr-relation, #col-2 #article-cb-main div.relmgr-relation ol, #col-2 #docked-cb .relmgr-relation ol { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
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#col-2 #article-cb-main #cb-art-links ol ul, #col-2 #docked-cb ol ul { list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; }
#cb-art-soc div.social-bookmarking ul { width: 120px; }
#col-2 #cb-loaded-hw-cited { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
#col-2 #cb-loaded-hw-cited-none, #col-2 #cb-loaded-related-urls-none, #col-2 #cb-loaded-patientinform-none, #col-2 #cb-loaded-isi-cited-none, #col-2 #cb-loaded-isi-related-none { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: none; }
div.cb-section li .oa-article { border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); display: block; padding: 0.2em 0px; margin: 0px; text-align: center; }
div.cb-section li .oa-article span, div.cb-section li .oa-view { color: rgb(0, 0, 144); font-weight: bold; }
div.cb-section li .free, div.cb-section li .free-to-you { margin-left: 0.5em; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; }
div.cb-section li .pdf-direct-link, div.cb-section li .variant-indicator { font-weight: bold; }
#col-3 ol { list-style: outside none none; }
#col-3 div.content-box { background-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); padding: 1em; }
div.content-box .content-box-section { line-height: 1.4; }
div.content-box a, div.content-box span.variant-indicator { line-height: 1.4; text-decoration: none; }
div.content-box a:hover { border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(102, 0, 51); }
div.content-box a:link, div.content-box a:visited, div.content-box a:hover, div.content-box a:active { color: rgb(64, 64, 64); }
#col-3 div.content-box .cb-section { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
#col-3 .cb-section, #col-3 .cb-section ol, #col-3 .cb-section ol li { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
div.content-box div.cb-section .notice { font-weight: bold; }
#col-2 a.prev-results-link, #col-2 a.next-results-link, div.content-box div.cb-section .notice a, div.content-box div.cb-section a.pdf-direct-link { background-color: rgb(255, 240, 184); }
#col-2 span.open-access-note, ol.content-box-section-list li .oa-article span, ol.content-box-section-list li .oa-view { color: rgb(0, 0, 144); font-weight: bold; }
form.searchbox { margin: 0px auto 1em; width: 100%; }
form.searchbox #sidebar-search-input, form.searchbox #issue-search-input { margin-left: 0px; width: 115px; }
form.searchbox #sidebar-search-go, form.searchbox #issue-search-go { width: 35px; margin-left: 5px; }
#col-3 #sidebar-current-issue { background-color: rgb(192, 192, 192); border: 2px solid rgb(169, 169, 169); margin: 5px 10px; padding: 5px; }
#sidebar-cur-issue-coverlines ul { list-style: outside none square; margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; }
#sidebar-cur-issue-coverlines ul li { padding-left: 0px; margin-left: 15px; }
div.article-nav, div.search-nav, div.sidebar-issue-nav { white-space: nowrap; }
div.article-nav span.toc-link, div.search-nav span.search-link, div.search-nav span.home-link { display: block; padding-top: 0.5em; }
div#docked-slugline, div#slugline { color: rgb(51, 51, 0); font-weight: bold; }
#col-2 div#slugline, #col-2 div#docked-slugline { margin: 0px 5px; }
div#docked-slugline cite, div#slugline cite { font-style: normal; display: block; color: rgb(51, 51, 0); font-weight: normal; }
div#docked-slugline .slug-pub-date, div#docked-slugline .slug-pages, div#slugline cite .slug-pub-date, div#slugline cite .slug-pages { font-weight: bold; }
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.article-nav a, .search-nav a, .sidebar-issue-nav a { color: black; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; }
.article-nav a:hover, .search-nav a:hover, .sidebar-issue-nav a:hover { color: black; text-decoration: underline; }
.current-issue { margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em auto; width: 100%; }
.current-issue img { border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); }
#col-2 a.rss-link { background-image: url('rss.gif'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: left center; padding-left: 15px; }
#col-2 div.sidebar { background-color: rgb(211, 211, 211); border: 2px solid rgb(192, 192, 192); padding: 5px; margin: 10px 7px 5px; font-size: 90%; }
#col-2 div.sidebar h4 { font-size: 1em; margin: 0pt; padding: 0.3em 0pt; font-weight: bold; }
#col-2 div.sidebar .citemap-frequent-authors th, #col-2 div.sidebar .citemap-journal th { font-size: 1em; padding: 0.3em 2pt; font-weight: bold; }
#col-2 div.sidebar .citemap-frequent-authors td.articles, #col-2 div.sidebar .citemap-journal td.articles { text-align: center; }
#col-2 div.sidebar .citemap-frequent-authors td, #col-2 div.sidebar .citemap-journal td { font-size: 1em; padding: 0.3em 2pt; }
#col-2 div.sidebar-qs { background-color: rgb(211, 211, 211); border: 1px solid rgb(192, 192, 192); padding: 5px; margin: 0px 7px 5px; font-size: 88%; }
#col-2 p.qs-instructions { margin: 3px 0px; }
#col-2 div.sidebar-qs form.searchbox { margin: 0px; }
#col-2 div.sidebar-qs div { margin: 0px; }
#col-2 div.sidebar-qs img { padding: 0px; margin: 5px 0px 0px 5px; }
#col-2 div.sidebar ul.nav { margin: 0em; }
ul.nav li { margin: 0.5em 0em 0.5em 1.5em; }
ul.nav li.collapsible { list-style: outside none none; margin-left: 0.2em; }
ul.nav a.selected { font-weight: bold; }
#col-2 ul.prev-next { border: 1px solid rgb(192, 192, 192); display: block; line-height: 1.2; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; padding: 8px 0px; }
#col-2 ul.prev-next, #col-2 .cover { margin: 0px; text-align: center; }
#col-2 ul.prev-next li { display: inline; margin: 10px 0px; }
#col-2 ul.prev-next li a { text-decoration: none; font-size: 0.75em; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); }
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#col-2 .cover-coverline h3 { border-top: 1px solid rgb(185, 194, 141); padding-top: 10px; font-size: 1em; }
#col-2 .cover-coverline .cover-links { list-style: outside none square; margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; }
#col-2 .cover img { border: 1px solid rgb(51, 51, 0); margin-bottom: 10px; height: 178px; width: 134px; }
#col-2 .toc-navigation cite, #col-2 .this-issue cite { font-size: 0.85em; font-style: normal; }
#col-2 .toc-navigation .toc-links li, #col-2 .toc-navigation .data-supp-links li, #col-2 .this-issue .toc-links li { background-image: url('rightchevron.gif'); background-position: 0pt center; background-repeat: no-repeat; display: block; font-size: 0.85em; margin-left: 0px; padding: 2px 0px 0px 9px; white-space: normal; }
#col-2 .issue-sections { border-top: 1px solid rgb(185, 194, 141); }
#pageid-login #col-2 div#slugline { overflow-wrap: break-word; }
#col-2 #cb-art-nav li img { display: none; }
#col-3 .hwac-institutional-logo { margin: 1em auto; width: 150px; display: block; }
#col-2 div.rateit { width: 100%; }
#col-2 div#ratings, div#ratings div { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
#col-2 div#ratings .rating-type, #col-2 div#ratings .rating-success { display: block; }
#col-2 div.sidebar ul.highwire-search-facets-semantics-category { list-style-type: none; margin: 0.5em 0%; padding-bottom: 1px; }
#col-2 div#semantics-related-terms.content-box div.cb-contents div#semantics-related-terms-content.cb-section div#related-terms ul li { list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; line-height: 13.8px; }
div#col-2 div#article-cb-main div#cb-art-featuredfigs ol li div#featured-figure { margin-left: -10px; padding: 0px; }
div#col-2 div#article-cb-main div#cb-art-featuredfigs ol li div#featured-figure div.col-2-featured-figure { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
div#col-2 div#article-cb-main div#cb-art-featuredfigs ol li div#featured-figure div.col-2-featured-figure img { border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); }
div#col-2 div#cb-art-videos ol li img { border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 155px; margin: 5px 0px 0px; }
div#col-2 div#cb-art-videos.cb-section ol li div.col2-video-label div.featured-video { position: relative; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
div#col-2 div#cb-art-videos.cb-section ol li div.col2-video-label div.featured-video a { display: block; position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 155px; height: 85px; overflow: hidden; text-indent: -600px; background: transparent url('play-button.gif') no-repeat scroll 90% 70%; }
div#col-2 div#cb-art-videos.cb-section ol li { margin-left: 0px; }
div#col-2 div#cb-art-videos.cb-section ol li div.col2-video-label a:hover { text-decoration: none; border: 0px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); cursor: pointer; }
div#col-2 div#cb-art-videos.cb-section ol li.first-item { list-style: outside none none; }
div#col-2 div#cb-art-videos.cb-section ol li.other-items { padding-left: 5px; }
div#col-2 div#cb-art-videos.cb-section ol li div.col2-video-label { margin: 0px; padding: 5px; display: inline; }
div#col-2 div#cb-art-videos.cb-section ul.sidebar-video-list { list-style: inside none square; }
div#col-2 div#cb-art-orcid a.orcid-link { font-size: 0.8em; display: block; }
#col-2 div.highwire-lens-button { background: rgb(204, 20, 0) url('hw-lens-monocle-xsm.png') no-repeat scroll 10px 15px / 48px auto; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(151, 21, 1); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: "Open Sans",sans-serif; display: table; min-height: 60px; padding: 5px 0px; width: 94%; margin: 5px 8px; }
.highwire-lens-button .inner { display: table-row; }
.highwire-lens-button a { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: table-cell; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.15; padding: 10px 20px 10px 70px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: middle; }
.highwire-lens-button a span { vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

/* ::::: http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-global-elements.css ::::: */

html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; outline-style: none; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; }
a img, :link img, :visited img { border: 0px none; }
:focus { outline: medium none; }
body { line-height: 1.25; color: black; background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; }
caption, th, td { text-align: left; font-weight: normal; }
blockquote::before, blockquote::after, q::before, q::after { content: ""; }
blockquote, q { quotes: "" ""; }
body { font-size: 100%; line-height: 1; background: white none no-repeat fixed 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode",Tahoma,Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; }
p, pre, label, ul, ol, dl, fieldset, address { margin: 1em 5%; }
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { margin: 0px 0px 0.4em; }
h1, h2, h3, h4 { text-align: left; font-weight: bold; }
h1 { font-size: 1.8em; }
h2 { font-size: 1.5em; }
h3 { font-size: 1.2em; }
blockquote { margin: 1em 7%; }
li, dd { margin-left: 5%; }
fieldset { padding: 0.5em; }
em { font-style: italic; }
strong { font-weight: 700; }
code, var, kbd, samp, pre { font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace; }
sup { font-size: 0.85em; vertical-align: super; line-height: 0; }
sub { font-size: 0.85em; vertical-align: sub; line-height: 0; }
div.hw-gen-page { font-size: 0.8em; padding: 0.5em 4em 2em 2em; }
.hw-gen-page #skip-link { position: absolute; left: -9999px; }
#content-block { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; line-height: 1.3; overflow: hidden; }
#content-block p { margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px none; line-height: 1.5; }
#content-block { float: right; width: 518px; padding: 0px 20px 0px 5px; }
#col-2, #col-3 { width: 210px; overflow: hidden; }
#col-2 { float: left; }
#proxied-contents #col-2 { float: left; }
#proxied-contents #col-main { float: left; overflow: hidden; padding-right: 10px; width: 533px; }
#footer { clear: both; }
.banner-ads ul { list-style-type: none; }
div.hw-gen-page img.adborder0 { border: 0px solid black; }
div.hw-gen-page img.adborder1 { border: 1px solid black; }
div.hw-gen-page img.adborder2 { border: 2px solid black; }
div.hw-gen-page img.adborder3 { border: 3px solid black; }
div.hw-gen-page img.adborder4 { border: 4px solid black; }
div.hw-gen-page img.adborder5 { border: 5px solid black; }
#content-block { float: left; }
#col-2 div { margin: 0px 10px; padding: 5px; }
#col-3 { float: right; }
#col-3 div { margin: 0px 0px 0px 10px; padding: 5px; }
#col-2, #col-3 { margin: 0px; padding: 5px 0px 0px; }
#content-block, #col-2, #col-3 { margin-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; }
#col-2 { padding-right: 7px; }
#authstring * { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
#authstring { width: 640px; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.5em; }
#authstring ul { list-style: outside none none; }
#authstring li { display: inline; border-left: 1px solid gray; padding: 0em 0.4em; }
#authstring .subscr-ref { font-weight: bold; border-left: medium none; }
#authstring-img { padding: 0px 0px 1em; }
#content-block h1, #content-block h2, #content-block h3, #content-block h4, #content-block h5, #content-block h6 { font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; }
#footer, #footer * { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
#footer { text-align: center; }
#footer ul { list-style: outside none none; font-size: 0.8em; }
#footer li { display: inline; border-left: 1px solid gray; padding: 0px 0.4em; }
#footer li a { color: black; }
#footer .firstitem { border-left: medium none; }
#footer .copyright { font-size: 0.8em; margin: 1em auto; }
#footer .copyright a { color: rgb(102, 0, 51); }
.cit span.accesscheck { display: none; }
.sc { text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 0.85em; }
.sheridan-col2 { border-top: 1px solid navy; }
.sheridan-col2 li { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; list-style: outside none none; margin-top: 10px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; }

/* ::::: http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-global-citation.css ::::: */

.cit-list, .cit-list ol, .cit-list ul, .cit-list li, .cit-list div, .cit-list h2, .cit-list h3, .cit-list h4 { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
.cit * { display: inline; }
.cit script { display: none; }
.cit li, .cit ul { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
ul.cit-list, ul.related-list, ol.cit-response-list, .cit-list ul, .cit-list ol { list-style: outside none none; }
li.cit, div.cit { display: block; margin: 0.7em 0px 0px; padding: 0.5em 0.3em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); }
.cit .cit-form-select label, .notonscreen { position: absolute; left: -9999px; }
.cit.fromcover { background-color: rgb(185, 194, 141); }
.cit.openaccess { background-color: rgb(204, 224, 249); }
.cit.inaugural { background-color: rgb(217, 177, 63); }
.cit h1, .cit h2, .cit h3, .cit h4 { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
.cit .cit-form-select, .cit .cit-form-select input { position: absolute; }
div.cit-metadata { display: block; }
.cit .cit-metadata .cit-section { font-weight: bold; }
.cit .cit-metadata .cit-response-list { padding-left: 3em; display: block; }
.cit .cit-metadata .cit-response-list li { display: block; }
.cit .cit-metadata .cit-response-list .cit-auth-list { padding-left: 0px; }
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#content-block .gca-abs-position { background-image: url('uparrow_gray.gif'); }
#content-block ul.history-list li { margin-left: 0px; }
div#pageid-content.pagetype-content #content-block .article blockquote { border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); color: rgb(64, 56, 56); display: block; font-size: 1em; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; }
.alerts-announcement-styling { display: block; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 1em; }
.cit-overline { text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 2px; }
#pageid-toc .cit-auth-list { margin-left: 20px; }
#content-block .emphasis { font-style: italic; }
#content-block .boxed-text { background-color: rgb(234, 234, 234); border-top: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); padding: 1em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; }
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div#hovering-abs h1 { font-size: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 0px; }
div#hovering-abs h2 { font-size: 1em; padding: 0.4em; margin: 0.5em; }
div#hovering-abs h2.subtitle { margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; }
div#hovering-abs-close a span { font-size: 0.75em; }
div.section-nav a:hover { border-bottom: medium none; }
#pageid-emailafriend #content-block { width: 712px; border-right: 1px dashed rgb(170, 170, 170); }
#pageid-emailafriend #content-block .email-input label { width: 200px; }
#pageid-emailafriend #content-block .email-input { width: 610px; }
#pageid-emailafriend #content-block .email-input span.comma-help { margin-left: 215px; }
#keyauth-table .keyauth-label { min-width: 120px; }
#keyauth-table .table-words .keyauth-label { min-width: 35px; }
.alert-source-container .jlist-alpha span[style] { font-size: 9px !important; }
.alert-source-container .jlist-alpha dl span[style] { font-size: 0.85em !important; }
#keyauth-table tr th, #keyauth-table tr .keyauth-sub-table { padding: 1em 0px; }
#keyauth-table tr table tr th { padding: 4px 0px; }
#keyauth-table label { margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px 3px; }
.alert-source-container h3 { margin: 1em 0px; }
div.fn-group dl { position: relative; margin: 1em 0px; }
div.fn-group dl dt { float: left; }
div.fn-group dl dd { margin-left: 7em; }
div.fn-group dl dt.def-list-title { display: block; float: none; margin: 0.5em 0px; }
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#pageid-futurecontents .toc-cit h4 { display: block; padding-left: 40px; }

/* ::::: http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/standard-designs/design25/d25-page-home.css ::::: */

#pageid-home #content-block div.main-block { float: left; width: 350px; margin-bottom: 10px; }
#pageid-home #content-block .main-block li, #pageid-home #content-block .main-block ul { margin: 0px; }
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#content-block div.home-announce a:hover { border: 0px none; text-decoration: underline; }
#pageid-home #content-block h2.current-issue { padding: 20px 0px; margin: 0px; }
#pageid-home #content-block a.current-issue-link { border-bottom: 1px dotted navy; }
#pageid-home #content-block .cover-img-wrap { background-image: url('cover_shadow.png'); background-repeat: no-repeat; position: relative; top: -25px; left: 20px; }
#pageid-home #cover-image { position: relative; left: 5px; }
#pageid-home #cover-image img { padding: 5px; border: medium none; background-color: white; }
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#pageid-home #content-block div.home-announce-spaceTRYWITHOUT { width: 262px; background-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); border-style: solid; border-color: white; border-width: 0px 5px; position: relative; left: 5px; padding: 0px; }
#pageid-home #content-block div.home-announce { font-weight: bold; }
#pageid-home #content-block ul { list-style: outside none none; }
#pageid-home #content-block ul.jnl-links { padding: 0px; margin-left: 0px; }
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#pageid-home #content-block ul.jnl-links li.empty h3 { margin: 0px 0px 20px; }
#pageid-home #content-block .in-this-issue h2 { padding-top: 10px; border-top: 1px dotted navy; }
#pageid-home #content-block .in-this-issue ul { list-style-type: square; margin-left: 1.5em; }
#pageid-home #content-block .in-this-issue ul li { padding: 0px; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0.5em 0px; }
#pageid-home #content-block .content-block-clear { clear: both; height: 2px; width: 100%; }
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#pageid-home #intl-content { font-size: 1em; text-align: center; }
#pageid-home #intl-content a { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
#pageid-home #intl-content span.intl-help { font-size: 0.75em; }

/* ::::: http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/standard-designs/design25/d25-sidebar.css ::::: */

#col-3 .social-media-links { margin: 1em 15px 1em 5px; }
#col-3 .social-media-links a { display: block; height: 32px; width: 32px; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; float: left; margin: 0px 2px; }
#col-3 .social-media-links a span { text-indent: -9999px; display: block; }
#col-3 .social-media-links a:hover { border-bottom: medium none; }
#col-3 .social-media-links a.fb-link { background-image: url('fbook32.gif'); }
#col-3 .social-media-links a.twitter-link { background-image: url('twit32.gif'); }
#col-3 .social-media-links a.linkedin-link { background-image: url('li32.gif'); }
#col-3 .social-media-links a.rss-link, #col-3 .social-media-links a.rss-social-icon { background-image: url('rss32.gif'); }
#col-3 .social-media-links a.youtube-link { background-image: url('youtube32.png'); }
#col-3 div.cb-section { border-bottom: 1px solid darkblue; }
#col-3 #sidebar-current-issue h3 { border-bottom: 1px solid darkblue; }
#col-3 #sidebar-current-issue div.cb-section { border: medium none; width: 84px; float: right; padding: 1em 0px; margin: 0px; }
#col-3 #sidebar-current-issue div#sidebar-cur-issue-coverlines.cb-section { border: medium none; width: auto; float: none; padding: 1em 0px; margin: 0px; }
#col-3 #sidebar-current-issue div.sidebar-etoc-link { width: 100%; float: none; clear: both; border-top: 1px solid darkblue; padding: 0px; }
#col-3 #sidebar-current-issue div.cb-contents { padding: 0px; }
#col-2 .issue-sections { border-top: 1px solid darkblue; list-style-type: none; padding-top: 10px; margin-top: 10px; }
#col-2 .issue-sections li { margin: 3px 0px; line-height: 1.3; }
#col-2 .issue-sections ol, #col-2 .issue-sections ul { margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.75em; list-style-type: none; }
#col-2 .sidebar-qs div { padding: 5px 0px; }
#col-2 form.searchbox #issue-search-input { width: 100px; }
#col-2 form.searchbox #issue-search-go { width: 60px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); border: 2px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); }
#col-2 div.sidebar-issue-nav { margin: 5px 10px; }
#col-2 div.content-box { padding: 5px 10px 5px 0px; }
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#col-3 li.rss-img-button { background-image: url('rss.gif'); background-position: 180px center; background-repeat: no-repeat; }
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#col-3 div.most-links-box ul li.most-cur-sel { background: rgb(245, 245, 245) none repeat scroll 0px 0px; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
#col-3 div.most-links-box ul li { display: none; }
#col-3 div.most-links-box ul.most-headings li a { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border: medium none; }
#col-3 div.most-links-box div.most-list { background: rgb(245, 245, 245) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; }
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#col-3 div.most-links-box ul.most-headings { clear: none; float: left; }
#col-3 div.most-links-box ul { list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
#col-3 div.most-links-box ul li.most-cur-sel { display: inline; }
#col-3 div.most-links-box ul li.most-cur-sel li { display: list-item; }
#col-3 div.most-links-box ul.most-headings li { background-color: rgb(216, 216, 216); border: 1px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); margin: 0px 0px -1px -1px; padding: 0.35em 0px; width: 4em; text-align: center; display: list-item; float: left; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: bold; }
#col-3 div.most-links-box ul.most-headings li.most-cur-sel { background: rgb(245, 245, 245) none repeat scroll 0px 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(245, 245, 245); }
#col-3 div.most-links-box h4 { display: none; }
#col-3 div.most-links-box div.most-list { border: 1px solid rgb(102, 102, 102); background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.5em; clear: both; }
#col-3 div.most-links-box div.most-list a.view-all { margin-left: 10px; }
#col-3 div.most-links-box ol { clear: both; margin: 0px; padding: 0.5em 0.5em 0.5em 25px; list-style: outside none decimal; }
#col-3 div.most-links-box ol li { padding: 0px; margin: 0.2em 0.4em; }
#col-3 div.most-links-box li a { font-size: 83.33%; text-decoration: none; }
#col-3 div.most-links-box div.most-list a:hover { border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(102, 0, 51); }
#col-3 div.most-links-box .most-hide { display: none; }
#col-2 span.slug-doi { overflow-wrap: break-word; }
#col-2 ul#content_box_errata, #col-2 ul#content_box_errata li, #col-2 ul#content_box_addendum, #col-2 ul#content_box_addendum li { margin-left: 0px; }
#col-2 .cover img, #col-3 .current-issue img { height: auto; }
#col-2 ul.toc-links { list-style-type: none; }
#col-3 #adv-article-search h3.find-article { font-weight: bold; font-size: 1em; padding: 5px 0px; }
#col-3 > form#adv-article-search { border-top: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 8px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); }
#col-3 #adv-article-search ul.search-options li { list-style: outside none none; padding: 0.5px; }
#col-3 #adv-article-search ul.search-options, #col-3 #adv-article-search ul.search-options li label { font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px; }
#col-3 #adv-article-search ul.search-options { display: block; }
#col-3 #adv-article-search li.year-vol-page input { width: 27px; height: 12px; }
#col-3 #adv-article-search ul.search-options li { margin: 5px 0px; }
#col-3 #adv-article-search ul.search-options li.date-range input { height: 12px; width: 40px; }
#col-3 #adv-article-search ul.search-options li.author input, #col-3 #adv-article-search ul.search-options li.keyword input { height: 12px; width: 120px; }
#col-3 #adv-article-search ul.search-options li.author label { padding-right: 10px; }
#col-3 #adv-article-search .button { padding-bottom: 10px; }

/* ::::: http://www.pnas.org/local/css/hw-local-global.css ::::: */

article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, nav, navigation, banner, search, main, marquee, section { display: block; }
audio, canvas, video { display: inline-block; }
*::-moz-selection { background: rgb(0, 101, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-shadow: none; }
b, strong { font-weight: bold; }
blockquote { margin: 1em 40px; }
dfn { font-style: italic; }
hr { display: block; height: 1px; border: medium none; background-color: rgb(191, 191, 191); margin: 15px 0px; }
p { padding: 0px; margin: 10px 0px; }
pre, code, kbd, samp { font-family: monospace,serif; font-size: 1em; }
pre { white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; }
q { quotes: none; }
q::before, q::after { content: none; }
small { font-size: 85%; }
#header img.hwac-institutional-logo { position: absolute; bottom: 0px; }
sub, sup { font-size: 75%; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; }
sup { top: -0.5em; }
sub { bottom: -0.25em; }
ul { list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
header ul, header ol { list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
ol { margin: 10px; padding: 0px; }
img { border: 0px none; vertical-align: middle; }
svg:not(:root) { overflow: hidden; }
figure { margin: 0px; }
form { margin: 0px; }
fieldset { border: 0px none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
label { cursor: pointer; }
legend { border: 0px none; padding: 0px; white-space: normal; }
.hw-gen-page .button, #pageid-login #main span.login-submit input { border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font: 11px/100% Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0px 2px; outline: medium none; padding: 1em 2em; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase; text-shadow: 0px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); vertical-align: baseline; }
.hw-gen-page .button:hover, #pageid-login #main span.login-submit input:hover { background: rgb(0, 101, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
.hw-gen-page .button a { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; }
.hw-gen-page .button a:hover { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; }
.hw-gen-page .blue { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold; background: rgb(0, 102, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-left: 18px; }
.hw-gen-page .button.blue a:hover, .hw-gen-page .button.blue a:visited { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.hw-gen-page .fade_blue { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold; background: rgb(191, 209, 220) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 2px solid rgb(191, 209, 220); }
button, input, select, textarea { font-size: 100%; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; }
button, input { line-height: normal; }
button, input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"] { cursor: pointer; }
button[disabled], input[disabled] { cursor: default; }
input[type="checkbox"], input[type="radio"] { box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; }
input[type="search"] { box-sizing: content-box; }
button::-moz-focus-inner, input::-moz-focus-inner { border: 0px none; padding: 0px; }
textarea { overflow: auto; vertical-align: top; resize: vertical; }
input:valid, textarea:valid {  }
input:invalid, textarea:invalid { background-color: rgb(231, 240, 250); }
input, textarea, input[type="search"] { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 229); padding: 5px 10px; margin: 10px 0px; font: 14px Arial,Times,serif; box-shadow: 0px 2px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) inset; border-radius: 5px; }
input[type="search"] {  }
input[type="text"]:focus, textarea:focus, input[type="search"]:focus { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); outline: medium none; }
input[type="text"], input[type="search"] { width: 200px; }
.placeholder { color: rgb(111, 110, 104); }
:-moz-placeholder { color: rgb(111, 110, 104); }
#search { float: right; width: 380px; margin-top: -30px; }
form.searchbox #issue-search-input { color: rgb(129, 129, 129); }
#search .searchbox p { margin-top: -2px; }
form.searchbox {  }
#advanced_search { padding: 5px 10px; text-transform: none; float: right; margin-top: -3px; color: rgb(0, 101, 164); width: 112px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(229, 229, 229); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 0px; box-shadow: 0px 2px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) inset; border-radius: 5px; }
.search_field, #search_field2 { font-size: 12px; color: rgb(129, 129, 129); padding-right: 20px; float: left; padding-left: 2px; }
#searchSubmit { background: transparent url('btn-search.gif') no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 0px; height: 0px; border: medium none; margin-left: -5px; font-size: 0px; box-shadow: none; padding: 18px; position: absolute; top: -2px; }
#searchSubmitPage { background: transparent url('btn-search.gif') no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 26px; height: 26px; border: medium none; margin-left: -5px; font-size: 0px; }
#pageid-help h1#search { float: none; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.styled_select select { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 230px; padding: 5px; font-size: 16px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); color: rgb(129, 129, 129); height: 34px; }
#email_entry { background: transparent url('btn-go.gif') no-repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 33px; height: 30px; border: medium none; font-size: 0px; left: -3px; position: relative; top: -5px; }
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; }
td { vertical-align: top; }
body { background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239); width: 100%; line-height: 1.4; }
body div.hw-gen-page { background: rgb(239, 239, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); width: 100%; padding: 0px; }
#ad_background { background: rgb(245, 245, 245) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
#banner_ad { width: 960px; height: 90px; padding-bottom: 5px; }
#authstring { text-align: left; width: 960px; height: 14px; }
#authstring ul { border-left: medium none; font-size: 10px; position: relative; top: -8px; left: -3px; font-weight: normal; }
#authstring .subscr-ref { font-weight: normal; }
.container { width: 960px; margin: 0px auto; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0px 0px; }
#marquee_background { background: transparent url('background-expand-lg.png') no-repeat scroll center top / 2560px 355px; height: 355px; }
div.hw-gen-page #main { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 960px; }
div.hw-gen-page #main #left_bucket { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 608px; padding: 20px; float: left; min-height: 400px; }
#aside { width: 272px; padding: 20px; min-height: 400px; font-size: 12px; float: right; background: transparent -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(193, 193, 193) 0%, rgb(254, 254, 254) 100%) repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
div.hw-gen-page h3 a { color: rgb(32, 32, 32); text-decoration: none; }
div.hw-gen-page h3 a:hover { color: rgb(32, 32, 32); text-decoration: none; }
#main #content-block { background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 683px; padding: 20px; float: left; }
#pageid-toc #main #sidebar { width: 197px; padding: 20px; float: right; min-height: 400px; font-size: 12px; background: transparent -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(224, 224, 224) 0%, rgb(255, 255, 255) 8%) repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
#main #sidebar { width: 197px; padding: 20px; float: right; min-height: 400px; font-size: 12px; background: transparent -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(224, 224, 224) 0%, rgb(255, 255, 255) 50%) repeat scroll 0% 0%; font-family: "Open Sans",sans-serif; }
#pageid-pap-index #main #sidebar { padding: 0px 20px; }
#pageid-pap-index #main #sidebar #curr-issue { padding-top: 20px; }
#pageid-pap-bysection #main #sidebar { padding: 0px 20px; }
#pageid-pap-bysection #main #sidebar #curr-issue { padding-top: 20px; }
#pageid-unknown #main #sidebar { padding: 0px 20px; }
#pageid-unknown #main #sidebar #curr-issue { padding-top: 20px; }
#pageid-unknown #main #sidebar #issue { padding-top: 20px; }
#pageid-subscribe #main #sidebar { padding: 0px 20px; }
#pageid-subscribe #main #sidebar #issue { padding-top: 20px; }
#pageid-subscribe #main #sidebar #curr-issue { padding-top: 20px; }
#col1 { width: 280px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; padding: 20px; float: left; }
#col2 { width: 280px; padding: 20px; float: left; background: transparent -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(224, 224, 224) 0%, rgb(255, 255, 255) 100%) repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
#col3 { width: 280px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; padding: 20px; float: left; }
#local_nav { float: left; width: 177px; background: transparent -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(224, 224, 224) 0%, rgb(255, 255, 255) 100%) repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
#local_content { width: 506px; padding: 20px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; float: left; z-index: 1; position: relative; }
#local_nav h3 { color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-transform: uppercase; padding: 20px; letter-spacing: -1px; }
.local_nav a { display: block; padding: 15px 20px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); }
.local_nav li#current { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; background: transparent linear-gradient(to bottom, rgb(1, 52, 84) 0%, rgb(0, 99, 160) 99%) repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
.local_nav li:hover { background: rgb(209, 211, 212) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
.local_nav li a:hover, .local_nav li#current a { text-decoration: none; }
.local_nav li#current { font-weight: bold; border: medium none; }
.local_nav li#current a { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.local_nav li { background: transparent url('local_nav_border.gif') no-repeat scroll center bottom; }
li.last { background-image: none; }
#local_nav .sub_local_nav li:hover a { color: rgb(144, 202, 238); }
.sub_local_nav li:hover { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
ul.sub_local_nav { list-style-type: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
ul.sub_local_nav li, ul.sub_local_nav li:hover { background: transparent url('square-white.gif') no-repeat scroll 21px 10px; padding-left: 17px; }
ul.sub_local_nav li a { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; padding: 5px 20px 10px; font-size: 12px; }
nav { height: 70px; background: rgb(245, 245, 245) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px rgb(236, 236, 236); }
.wrapper { padding: 20px; }
div.hw-gen-page a, div.hw-gen-page a:visited, div.hw-gen-page .container a:hover { color: rgb(0, 102, 164); }
#header a, #footer a { color: rgb(0, 102, 164); }
div.hw-gen-page a:hover { text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); }
div.hw-gen-page h2 a { text-decoration: none; }
div.hw-gen-page a.dark { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
.hw-gen-page #main h1, .hw-gen-page #main h2, .hw-gen-page #main h3, .hw-gen-page #main h4 { font-family: "Open Sans",sans-serif !important; }
.hw-gen-page #main h1 { color: rgb(32, 32, 32); font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
.hw-gen-page #main h2 { color: rgb(32, 32, 32); font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
.hw-gen-page #main h3 { color: rgb(32, 32, 32); font-size: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal; }
.hw-gen-page #main h4 { color: rgb(32, 32, 32); font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
.date { color: rgb(128, 128, 128); font-style: italic; font-size: 12px; padding: 0px; }
.volume { color: rgb(128, 128, 128); font-size: 12px; padding: 0px; }
#main .border, #main #issue_utility .cover-img, #sidebar #featured-figure img { border: 1px solid rgb(128, 128, 128); }
.arrow_green { background: transparent url('arrow-green.gif') no-repeat scroll left center; }
.arrow_green2 { background: transparent url('arrow-green.gif') no-repeat scroll 0% 18%; }
h2.podcasts a { color: rgb(32, 32, 32); padding-left: 20px; text-decoration: none; float: right; }
.arrow_orange { background: transparent url('arrow-orange.gif') no-repeat scroll left center; }
.arrow_blue { background: transparent url('arrow-blue.gif') no-repeat scroll left center; }
.arrow_green a, .arrow_orange a, .arrow_blue a, .arrow_green_sm a { color: rgb(32, 32, 32); margin-left: 20px; text-decoration: none; }
.arrow_green_sm { background: transparent url('arrow-green-sm.gif') no-repeat scroll left center; }
.article div.section-nav a.prev-section-link { background-image: url('arrow-blue-up.png'); }
.article div.section-nav a.next-section-link { background-image: url('arrow-blue-down.png'); }
.article div.section-nav a { width: 13px; }
#sidebar h3 a { margin-left: 15px; text-decoration: none; }
#content-block h4 { color: rgb(0, 55, 103); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; }
div.hw-gen-page a.dark_blue { color: rgb(0, 55, 103); }
div.hw-gen-page .dark_blue { color: rgb(0, 55, 103); }
ol li { list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 16px; padding-top: 8px; }
ol.order li { list-style: outside none decimal; display: list-item; margin-left: 10px; width: 150px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: left; }
#utility { padding-bottom: 24px; font-size: 12px; position: relative; }
#utility ul { margin-top: 0px; padding: 13px 0px 0px; float: right; margin-right: 400px; }
#utility li { list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(143, 143, 143); float: left; }
#utility ul li a { display: block; color: rgb(0, 101, 164); padding: 0px 11px; text-decoration: none; }
#utility ul li a:hover, #advanced_search a:hover { color: rgb(112, 195, 248); text-decoration: none; }
#utility li.last { border-right: medium none; }
#issue_utility ul li a[rel="issue-masthead-pdf"], #issue_utility ul li a[rel="alternate"], #issue_utility ul li a[rel="issue-aindex"] { line-height: 1.5; }
#primary { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; height: 39px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 960px; font-family: "Open Sans",sans-serif !important; font-size: 0.85em; }
#primary li { list-style-type: none; padding: 12px 15px 0px 7px; font-weight: 700; float: left; clear: right; text-transform: uppercase; }
#primary li a { display: block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; }
#primary li { background: transparent url('nav-divider2.png') no-repeat scroll right center; height: 27px; }
#primary li a#current { color: rgb(102, 192, 248); background: transparent url('nav-current.gif') no-repeat scroll center bottom; z-index: 1; position: relative; height: 27px; }
#primary li a:hover { color: rgb(102, 192, 248); }
#primary li.last { background: transparent url('nav-article-bg.png') no-repeat scroll right bottom; height: 27px; }
#drop_menu ul, #drop_menu li { line-height: 17px; }
#drop_menu { list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px auto; z-index: 10; position: relative; }
#drop_menu li { float: left; display: block; position: relative; border: medium none; }
#drop_menu li:hover a { text-decoration: none; background: transparent url('nav-current.gif') no-repeat scroll center bottom; height: 27px; }
#drop_menu li a { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; outline: 0px none; text-decoration: none; }
#drop_menu li:hover a { color: rgb(102, 192, 248); }
#drop_menu .menu-container-3, #drop_menu .menu-container-1 { margin: auto -80%; float: left; position: absolute; left: -999em; text-align: left; padding: 10px 0px; z-index: 1000; border-width: medium 1px 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentcolor rgb(175, 175, 175) rgb(175, 175, 175); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; background: transparent linear-gradient(to bottom, rgb(245, 245, 245) 0%, rgb(248, 248, 248) 100%) repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
#drop_menu .menu-container-1 { margin: auto; }
#drop_menu .menu-container-3 { width: 542px; }
#drop_menu .menu-container-1 { width: 180px; }
#drop_menu li:hover .menu-container-3, #drop_menu li:hover .menu-container-1 { top: auto; left: -1px; }
#drop_menu .column-1, #drop_menu .column-2 { display: inline; float: left; margin: 0px; }
#drop_menu .column-1 { width: 180px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(200, 200, 200); }
#drop_menu .last { border-right: medium none; }
#drop_menu li:hover div a { color: rgb(0, 101, 164); padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-transform: none; height: auto; }
#drop_menu li:hover div a:hover { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; text-align: left; }
#drop_menu li ul { list-style: outside none none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; }
#drop_menu li ul li { float: none; margin: 0px; text-align: left; height: 34px; }
#drop_menu li:hover ul li a { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; }
#drop_menu li ul li:hover a { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; }
#drop_menu li ul li:hover { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background: transparent -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(1, 52, 84) 0%, rgb(0, 96, 156) 100%) repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
.logo { float: right; margin: 0px; padding-top: 2px; }
.headline { float: left; margin-top: 45px; }
.grey li a { color: rgb(0, 55, 103); }
.grey li, .wrapper li ol li { background: transparent url('square.gif') no-repeat scroll 7px 7px; padding-left: 18px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 10px; }
#left_bucket .grey li a { color: rgb(0, 55, 103); }
#breadcrumb li { color: rgb(128, 128, 128); font-size: 12px; float: left; padding: 0px 10px; }
#breadcrumb li a { color: rgb(128, 128, 128); padding: 0px; }
#breadcrumb img { margin-top: -2px; }
#breadcrumb .carrot { color: rgb(223, 223, 223); padding-left: 5px; }
#footer { background: rgb(239, 239, 239) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; min-height: 150px; padding: 30px 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); font-size: 11px; }
#icon_nas { float: left; margin-bottom: 10px; }
#icon_highwire { float: left; padding-left: 10px; }
#icon_pnas { float: right; margin-bottom: 10px; }
#footer ul { margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; }
#footer ul li a { color: rgb(0, 55, 103); text-decoration: none; }
#footer ul li a:hover { color: rgb(0, 55, 103); text-decoration: underline; }
#footer a { color: rgb(0, 55, 103); text-decoration: none; }
#footer a:hover { color: rgb(0, 55, 103); text-decoration: underline; }
#footer_content { float: left; width: 420px; }
#footer .pipe ul { margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; }
#footer .pipe ul li { margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px 7px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); list-style: outside none none; display: inline; }
#footer .pipe ul li.first { margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: medium none; list-style: outside none none; display: inline; }
.pipe ul { margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; }
.pipe ul li { margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px 7px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); list-style: outside none none; display: inline; }
.pipe ul li.first { margin-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: medium none; list-style: outside none none; display: inline; }
#comment { padding-top: 0px; width: 190px; }
.fixed { position: fixed; top: 0px; }
#video a:hover { opacity: 0.8; }
#video { z-index: 10000; }
#feature_banner { padding: 0px; margin: 0px; height: 315px; }
#main .transparent_box ul li { list-style-type: square; list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 15px; }
#main .transparent_box ul li a { color: rgb(226, 226, 226); text-decoration: none; }
#main .transparent_box li a:hover { color: rgb(226, 226, 226); text-decoration: underline; }
#main .transparent_box h2 { margin: 0px; font-weight: normal; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 28px; }
#main .transparent_box h2 a { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; }
#main .transparent_box h3 { margin-bottom: 5px; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; }
div.transparent_box { width: 272px; height: 276px; float: right; margin: -316px 0px 0px; background-color: rgb(51, 53, 53); border: medium none; opacity: 0.8; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 20px; position: relative; }
div.transparent_bar { width: 648px; height: 31px; float: left; margin-top: -31px; padding: 0px; opacity: 0.8; background: transparent -moz-linear-gradient(left center , rgb(19, 27, 27) 0%, rgb(42, 93, 90) 100%) repeat scroll 0% 0%; position: relative; }
.hw-gen-page #feature_banner .transparent_bar a, .hw-gen-page #feature_banner .transparent_bar a:hover, .hw-gen-page #feature_banner .transparent_bar a:visited { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); position: absolute; padding: 5px; }
#feature_banner .arrow { padding-left: 20px; padding-top: 9px; }
#news_feature { padding: 10px 20px; height: 20px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background: transparent -moz-linear-gradient(left center , rgb(17, 87, 132) 0%, rgb(58, 141, 186) 50%, rgb(51, 132, 177) 100%) repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
#news_feature a { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.EE_title a { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none; }
.highlights { float: right; }
.highlights li { list-style-type: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; float: left; clear: right; padding-right: 5px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(234, 234, 233); }
.highlights li a { color: rgb(0, 101, 164); font-weight: bold; padding-left: 5px; }
.feature { width: 294px; float: left; }
.feature li { font-size: 12px; }
.feature li a { color: rgb(0, 55, 103); font-weight: bold; }
#news { padding-top: 15px; }
#news li, #front-matter li { float: left; }
#news li.content { width: 430px; margin: 5px 10px 15px; }
#front-matter li.content { margin: 5px 10px 15px; width: 501px; }
#news li.content a, #front-matter li.content a { font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 55, 103); }
#news li.thumb, #front-matter li.thumb { margin: 0px; padding-top: 10px; }
#news li.icon { padding: 0px; margin: 5px 5px 15px 0px; }
#issue_info { width: 525px; font-size: 12px; margin: 30px 0px; float: right; }
#issue_utility { width: 138px; font-size: 12px; margin: 30px 0px; float: left; }
#issue_utility .key li { color: rgb(96, 96, 96); padding-left: 25px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 5px; height: 21px; }
#issue_utility li.icon_o { background: transparent url('icon-o.gif') no-repeat scroll 0px 2px; }
#issue_utility li.icon_f { background: transparent url('icon-f.jpg') no-repeat scroll 0px 2px; }
#issue_utility li.icon_i { background: transparent url('icon-i.jpg') no-repeat scroll 0px 2px; }
#issue_utility li.icon_c { background: transparent url('icon-c.jpg') no-repeat scroll 0px 2px; }
#issue_utility li.icon_p { background: transparent url('icon-p.jpg') no-repeat scroll 0px 2px; }
#issue_utility li.icon_fm { background: transparent url('icon-fm.jpg') no-repeat scroll 0px 1px; margin-top: 14px; }
ul#issue_cover_btn { margin-top: 10px; }
#issue_cover_btn li { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px; float: left; }
#issue_cover_btn li a { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase; }
#issue_cover_btn li.sm { font-size: 10px; width: 90px; padding: 6px 3px; margin: 0px; border-width: 1px; }
#issue_cover_btn li.active.sm { font-size: 10px; width: 90px; padding: 14px 2px; margin: 0px; border-width: 1px; }
.hw-gen-page .prev_button { border-radius: 0.5em 0px 0px 0.5em; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font: 12px/100% Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: medium none; padding: 0.5em 0.7em 0.55em; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: 0px 0px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); vertical-align: baseline; }
.hw-gen-page .prev_button img { padding-right: 4px; margin-top: -1px; }
.hw-gen-page .next_button { border-radius: 0px 0.5em 0.5em 0px; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font: 12px/100% Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0px; outline: medium none; padding: 0.5em 0.7em 0.55em; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: 0px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); vertical-align: baseline; }
.hw-gen-page .next_button img { padding-left: 4px; margin-top: -1px; }
.hw-gen-page .prev_button.active:hover { opacity: 0.8; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 101, 164); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; border-width: 2px 0px 2px 2px; }
.hw-gen-page .next_button.active:hover { opacity: 0.8; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 101, 164); -moz-border-top-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; border-image: none; border-width: 2px 0px 2px 2px; }
.hw-gen-page #issue_cover_btn li.active { background: rgb(0, 102, 164) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 2px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); }
#search_issue { float: right; padding: 0px; }
#box { background: rgb(245, 245, 245) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); margin-bottom: 30px; font-size: 14px; }
#box .header { margin: 0px; height: 20px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 10px 20px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; background: transparent -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(122, 122, 122) 0%, rgb(68, 68, 68) 100%) repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
.grey li a { color: rgb(0, 102, 164); }
#content-block #box h2, #local_content h2 { color: rgb(128, 128, 128); font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin: 10px 0px; }
#box h3, #local_content h3 { color: rgb(0, 55, 103); font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; margin: 10px 0px; }
#box div.grey { float: left; width: 153px; }
#box ul ul { display: none; position: absolute; background: rgb(255, 255, 255) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; padding: 15px 25px 20px 15px; border: 1px solid rgb(187, 187, 187); }
#box ul li.more { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-left: -16px; }
#box .podcast_thumb { float: left; }
#box .overview { float: right; width: 400px; padding-bottom: 10px; margin: 0px; }
.horizontal_links li { list-style-type: none; float: left; }
.horizontal_links ul.sections { color: rgb(0, 101, 164); font-weight: bold; }
.horizontal_links ul.sections { padding-bottom: 20px; }
.horizontal_links ul.article li { padding: 10px 10px 10px 0px; }
ul.news { color: rgb(0, 102, 164); font-weight: bold; }
ul.news { padding-bottom: 20px; }
#sidebar .horizontal_links li { padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; }
ul.sub_component { font-size: 12px; float: right; width: 120px; }
ul.sub_component li { padding: 0px 0px 6px 10px; }
.sub_component_img { float: left; }
#pageid-section-index .article_key { margin-left: 40px; }
.article_key li { padding: 5px 10px 5px 0px; }
.article_key li a { cursor: pointer; }
.article_title li a { color: rgb(0, 55, 103); font-weight: bold; }
.utility_links li a { font-size: 12px; }
.back_to_top a { float: right; margin-top: -30px; font-weight: bold; }
.wrapper_article { padding: 0px 20px 20px; }
div#pageid-search-results ol.results-cit-list li.results-cit div.cit div.cit-criteria-match { margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; }
div#pageid-search-results div.cit div.cit-extra span { padding: 3px 6px 2px; }
a.tooltip span { display: none; padding: 2px 3px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: -15px; }
a.tooltip:hover span { display: inline; position: absolute; background: rgb(235, 235, 235) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border: 1px solid rgb(113, 113, 116); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration: none; font-size: 12px; }
ul.tabmenu { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; }
.tabmenu li { float: left; list-style-type: decimal; }
.tabmenu li.btn_left { list-style: outside none none; float: left; border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px; }
.tabmenu li.btn_right { list-style: outside none none; float: left; border-radius: 0px 5px 5px 0px; }
.tabmenu li a { width: 73px; font-size: 11px; padding: 10px 5px 10px 14px; margin: 0px 3px; float: left; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold; }
.tabmenu li.active a { background: transparent url('toggle-arrow.gif') no-repeat scroll left center; }
.tabmenu li.active { background: transparent linear-gradient(to bottom, rgb(1, 57, 93) 0%, rgb(0, 96, 156) 100%) repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
.tabmenu li { background: transparent linear-gradient(to bottom, rgb(122, 122, 122) 0%, rgb(67, 67, 67) 100%) repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
.tabmenu li.btn_right a:hover, .tabmenu li.btn_right a:visited, .tabmenu li.btn_right a:active, .tabmenu li.btn_left a:hover, .tabmenu li.btn_left a:visited, .tabmenu li.btn_left a:active { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.tabmenu_lg li:hover { opacity: 0.8; }
.tabmenu li:hover { opacity: 0.8; }
.mask { overflow: hidden; }
.roundedCorners { border-radius: 6px; }
#content-block .tabmenu_lg { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; clear: both; }
#content-block .tabmenu_lg li { list-style: outside none none; float: left; }
#content-block .tabmenu_lg li a { display: block; float: left; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 252px; height: 31px; font-size: 16px; background: transparent -moz-linear-gradient(center top , rgb(126, 126, 126) 0%, rgb(65, 65, 65) 100%) repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
#content-block .tabmenu_lg a { text-align: center; padding-top: 10px; }
#content-block .tabmenu_lg li.active { background: transparent url('tab-arrow-on.gif') no-repeat scroll center bottom; position: relative; height: 50px; font-weight: bold; }
#content-block .tabmenu_lg li.active a { border-right: medium none; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background: transparent linear-gradient(to bottom, rgb(1, 50, 81) 0%, rgb(0, 94, 153) 100%) repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
.footnote { color: rgb(96, 96, 96); font-size: 12px; }
.caption { color: rgb(96, 96, 96); font-size: 12px; }
ul#access li.active { color: rgb(102, 192, 248); }
.menu_list { width: 170px; }
.expand a { display: block; }
.expand a:link, .expand a:visited { background: transparent url('arrow-blue-side.png') no-repeat scroll 98% 50%; }
.expand a:hover, .expand a:active, .expand a:focus { text-decoration: none; }
.expand a.open:link, .expand a.open:visited { background: transparent url('arrow-blue-down.png') no-repeat scroll 98% 50%; }
#sidebar.eq div.video div.content-box.sidebar-tools div.cb-contents #cb-art-videos .expand a.open:link, #sidebar.eq div.video div.content-box.sidebar-tools div.cb-contents #cb-art-videos .expand a.open:visited, #sidebar.eq div.pnasfigures div.content-box.sidebar-tools div.cb-contents #cb-art-featuredfigs .expand a.open:link, #sidebar.eq div.pnasfigures div.content-box.sidebar-tools div.cb-contents #cb-art-featuredfigs .expand a.open:visited { background: transparent url('arrow-blue-side.png') no-repeat scroll 35% 50%; }
#sidebar.eq div.video div.content-box.sidebar-tools div.cb-contents #cb-art-videos .expand a:link, #sidebar.eq div.video div.content-box.sidebar-tools div.cb-contents #cb-art-videos .expand a:visited, #sidebar.eq div.pnasfigures div.content-box.sidebar-tools div.cb-contents #cb-art-featuredfigs .expand a:link, #sidebar.eq div.pnasfigures div.content-box.sidebar-tools div.cb-contents #cb-art-featuredfigs .expand a:visited { background: transparent url('arrow-blue-down.png') no-repeat scroll 35% 50%; }
#sidebar.eq div.content-box.sidebar-tools div.cb-contents #cb-art-soc .expand a.open:link, #sidebar.eq div.content-box.sidebar-tools div.cb-contents #cb-art-soc .expand a.open:visited { background: transparent url('arrow-blue-side.png') no-repeat scroll 98% 50%; }
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#left_bucket #front-matter h2 { padding-bottom: 15px; }

/* ::::: http://www.pnas.org/local/css/hw-local-global-overrides.css ::::: */

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div.hw-gen-page #content-block { color: rgb(51, 51, 51); }
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#header #advanced_search a:visited { color: rgb(0, 101, 164); }
li, dd { margin-left: 0px; }
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.grey li { list-style: outside none none; }

/* ::::: http://www.pnas.org/local/css/hw-local-global-pages.css ::::: */

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img.cover-img { border: 1px solid black; }
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div.content-box .cb-slug ol li, div.content-box div.cb-corr-slug ol li { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
div#docked-slugline, div#slugline, div#docked-slugline cite, div#slugline cite { color: rgb(96, 96, 96); }
#sidebar a img.cover, #sidebar a:link img.cover, #sidebar a:visited img.cover { border: 1px solid rgb(128, 128, 128); }
#sidebar span.issue-cover { float: left; }
#article-dyn-nav #cb-art-nav ol li { background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
#article-dyn-nav #cb-art-nav ol li::before { font-family: FontAwesome; left: -0.5em; position: relative; color: rgb(0, 102, 164); }
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.highwire-lens-button a span { vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }

/* ::::: http://netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.0.3/css/font-awesome.css ::::: */

.fa { display: inline-block; font-family: FontAwesome; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; }
.fa-lg { font-size: 1.33333em; line-height: 0.75em; vertical-align: -15%; }
.fa-2x { font-size: 2em; }
.fa-3x { font-size: 3em; }
.fa-4x { font-size: 4em; }
.fa-5x { font-size: 5em; }
.fa-fw { width: 1.28571em; text-align: center; }
.fa-ul { padding-left: 0px; margin-left: 2.14286em; list-style-type: none; }
.fa-ul > li { position: relative; }
.fa-li { position: absolute; left: -2.14286em; width: 2.14286em; top: 0.142857em; text-align: center; }
.fa-li.fa-lg { left: -1.85714em; }
.fa-border { padding: 0.2em 0.25em 0.15em; border: 0.08em solid rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 0.1em; }
.pull-right { float: right; }
.pull-left { float: left; }
.fa.pull-left { margin-right: 0.3em; }
.fa.pull-right { margin-left: 0.3em; }
.fa-spin { animation: 2s linear 0s normal none infinite running spin; }
.fa-rotate-90 { transform: rotate(90deg); }
.fa-rotate-180 { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.fa-rotate-270 { transform: rotate(270deg); }
.fa-flip-horizontal { transform: scale(-1, 1); }
.fa-flip-vertical { transform: scale(1, -1); }
.fa-stack { position: relative; display: inline-block; width: 2em; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; vertical-align: middle; }
.fa-stack-1x, .fa-stack-2x { position: absolute; left: 0px; width: 100%; text-align: center; }
.fa-stack-1x { line-height: inherit; }
.fa-stack-2x { font-size: 2em; }
.fa-inverse { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.fa-glass::before { content: ""; }
.fa-music::before { content: ""; }
.fa-search::before { content: ""; }
.fa-envelope-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-heart::before { content: ""; }
.fa-star::before { content: ""; }
.fa-star-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-user::before { content: ""; }
.fa-film::before { content: ""; }
.fa-th-large::before { content: ""; }
.fa-th::before { content: ""; }
.fa-th-list::before { content: ""; }
.fa-check::before { content: ""; }
.fa-times::before { content: ""; }
.fa-search-plus::before { content: ""; }
.fa-search-minus::before { content: ""; }
.fa-power-off::before { content: ""; }
.fa-signal::before { content: ""; }
.fa-gear::before, .fa-cog::before { content: ""; }
.fa-trash-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-home::before { content: ""; }
.fa-file-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-clock-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-road::before { content: ""; }
.fa-download::before { content: ""; }
.fa-arrow-circle-o-down::before { content: ""; }
.fa-arrow-circle-o-up::before { content: ""; }
.fa-inbox::before { content: ""; }
.fa-play-circle-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-rotate-right::before, .fa-repeat::before { content: ""; }
.fa-refresh::before { content: ""; }
.fa-list-alt::before { content: ""; }
.fa-lock::before { content: ""; }
.fa-flag::before { content: ""; }
.fa-headphones::before { content: ""; }
.fa-volume-off::before { content: ""; }
.fa-volume-down::before { content: ""; }
.fa-volume-up::before { content: ""; }
.fa-qrcode::before { content: ""; }
.fa-barcode::before { content: ""; }
.fa-tag::before { content: ""; }
.fa-tags::before { content: ""; }
.fa-book::before { content: ""; }
.fa-bookmark::before { content: ""; }
.fa-print::before { content: ""; }
.fa-camera::before { content: ""; }
.fa-font::before { content: ""; }
.fa-bold::before { content: ""; }
.fa-italic::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-align-center::before { content: ""; }
.fa-align-right::before { content: ""; }
.fa-align-justify::before { content: ""; }
.fa-list::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-indent::before { content: ""; }
.fa-video-camera::before { content: ""; }
.fa-picture-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-pencil::before { content: ""; }
.fa-map-marker::before { content: ""; }
.fa-adjust::before { content: ""; }
.fa-tint::before { content: ""; }
.fa-edit::before, .fa-pencil-square-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-share-square-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-check-square-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-arrows::before { content: ""; }
.fa-step-backward::before { content: ""; }
.fa-fast-backward::before { content: ""; }
.fa-backward::before { content: ""; }
.fa-play::before { content: ""; }
.fa-pause::before { content: ""; }
.fa-stop::before { content: ""; }
.fa-forward::before { content: ""; }
.fa-fast-forward::before { content: ""; }
.fa-step-forward::before { content: ""; }
.fa-eject::before { content: ""; }
.fa-chevron-left::before { content: ""; }
.fa-chevron-right::before { content: ""; }
.fa-plus-circle::before { content: ""; }
.fa-minus-circle::before { content: ""; }
.fa-times-circle::before { content: ""; }
.fa-check-circle::before { content: ""; }
.fa-question-circle::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-crosshairs::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-check-circle-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-ban::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-arrow-right::before { content: ""; }
.fa-arrow-up::before { content: ""; }
.fa-arrow-down::before { content: ""; }
.fa-mail-forward::before, .fa-share::before { content: ""; }
.fa-expand::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-minus::before { content: ""; }
.fa-asterisk::before { content: ""; }
.fa-exclamation-circle::before { content: ""; }
.fa-gift::before { content: ""; }
.fa-leaf::before { content: ""; }
.fa-fire::before { content: ""; }
.fa-eye::before { content: ""; }
.fa-eye-slash::before { content: ""; }
.fa-warning::before, .fa-exclamation-triangle::before { content: ""; }
.fa-plane::before { content: ""; }
.fa-calendar::before { content: ""; }
.fa-random::before { content: ""; }
.fa-comment::before { content: ""; }
.fa-magnet::before { content: ""; }
.fa-chevron-up::before { content: ""; }
.fa-chevron-down::before { content: ""; }
.fa-retweet::before { content: ""; }
.fa-shopping-cart::before { content: ""; }
.fa-folder::before { content: ""; }
.fa-folder-open::before { content: ""; }
.fa-arrows-v::before { content: ""; }
.fa-arrows-h::before { content: ""; }
.fa-bar-chart-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-twitter-square::before { content: ""; }
.fa-facebook-square::before { content: ""; }
.fa-camera-retro::before { content: ""; }
.fa-key::before { content: ""; }
.fa-gears::before, .fa-cogs::before { content: ""; }
.fa-comments::before { content: ""; }
.fa-thumbs-o-up::before { content: ""; }
.fa-thumbs-o-down::before { content: ""; }
.fa-star-half::before { content: ""; }
.fa-heart-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-sign-out::before { content: ""; }
.fa-linkedin-square::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-external-link::before { content: ""; }
.fa-sign-in::before { content: ""; }
.fa-trophy::before { content: ""; }
.fa-github-square::before { content: ""; }
.fa-upload::before { content: ""; }
.fa-lemon-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-phone::before { content: ""; }
.fa-square-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-bookmark-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-phone-square::before { content: ""; }
.fa-twitter::before { content: ""; }
.fa-facebook::before { content: ""; }
.fa-github::before { content: ""; }
.fa-unlock::before { content: ""; }
.fa-credit-card::before { content: ""; }
.fa-rss::before { content: ""; }
.fa-hdd-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-bullhorn::before { content: ""; }
.fa-bell::before { content: ""; }
.fa-certificate::before { content: ""; }
.fa-hand-o-right::before { content: ""; }
.fa-hand-o-left::before { content: ""; }
.fa-hand-o-up::before { content: ""; }
.fa-hand-o-down::before { content: ""; }
.fa-arrow-circle-left::before { content: ""; }
.fa-arrow-circle-right::before { content: ""; }
.fa-arrow-circle-up::before { content: ""; }
.fa-arrow-circle-down::before { content: ""; }
.fa-globe::before { content: ""; }
.fa-wrench::before { content: ""; }
.fa-tasks::before { content: ""; }
.fa-filter::before { content: ""; }
.fa-briefcase::before { content: ""; }
.fa-arrows-alt::before { content: ""; }
.fa-group::before, .fa-users::before { content: ""; }
.fa-chain::before, .fa-link::before { content: ""; }
.fa-cloud::before { content: ""; }
.fa-flask::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-copy::before, .fa-files-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-paperclip::before { content: ""; }
.fa-save::before, .fa-floppy-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-square::before { content: ""; }
.fa-bars::before { content: ""; }
.fa-list-ul::before { content: ""; }
.fa-list-ol::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-underline::before { content: ""; }
.fa-table::before { content: ""; }
.fa-magic::before { content: ""; }
.fa-truck::before { content: ""; }
.fa-pinterest::before { content: ""; }
.fa-pinterest-square::before { content: ""; }
.fa-google-plus-square::before { content: ""; }
.fa-google-plus::before { content: ""; }
.fa-money::before { content: ""; }
.fa-caret-down::before { content: ""; }
.fa-caret-up::before { content: ""; }
.fa-caret-left::before { content: ""; }
.fa-caret-right::before { content: ""; }
.fa-columns::before { content: ""; }
.fa-unsorted::before, .fa-sort::before { content: ""; }
.fa-sort-down::before, .fa-sort-asc::before { content: ""; }
.fa-sort-up::before, .fa-sort-desc::before { content: ""; }
.fa-envelope::before { content: ""; }
.fa-linkedin::before { content: ""; }
.fa-rotate-left::before, .fa-undo::before { content: ""; }
.fa-legal::before, .fa-gavel::before { content: ""; }
.fa-dashboard::before, .fa-tachometer::before { content: ""; }
.fa-comment-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-comments-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-flash::before, .fa-bolt::before { content: ""; }
.fa-sitemap::before { content: ""; }
.fa-umbrella::before { content: ""; }
.fa-paste::before, .fa-clipboard::before { content: ""; }
.fa-lightbulb-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-exchange::before { content: ""; }
.fa-cloud-download::before { content: ""; }
.fa-cloud-upload::before { content: ""; }
.fa-user-md::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-suitcase::before { content: ""; }
.fa-bell-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-coffee::before { content: ""; }
.fa-cutlery::before { content: ""; }
.fa-file-text-o::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-medkit::before { content: ""; }
.fa-fighter-jet::before { content: ""; }
.fa-beer::before { content: ""; }
.fa-h-square::before { content: ""; }
.fa-plus-square::before { content: ""; }
.fa-angle-double-left::before { content: ""; }
.fa-angle-double-right::before { content: ""; }
.fa-angle-double-up::before { content: ""; }
.fa-angle-double-down::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-angle-right::before { content: ""; }
.fa-angle-up::before { content: ""; }
.fa-angle-down::before { content: ""; }
.fa-desktop::before { content: ""; }
.fa-laptop::before { content: ""; }
.fa-tablet::before { content: ""; }
.fa-mobile-phone::before, .fa-mobile::before { content: ""; }
.fa-circle-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-quote-left::before { content: ""; }
.fa-quote-right::before { content: ""; }
.fa-spinner::before { content: ""; }
.fa-circle::before { content: ""; }
.fa-mail-reply::before, .fa-reply::before { content: ""; }
.fa-github-alt::before { content: ""; }
.fa-folder-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-folder-open-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-smile-o::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-gamepad::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-code::before { content: ""; }
.fa-reply-all::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-subscript::before { content: ""; }
.fa-eraser::before { content: ""; }
.fa-puzzle-piece::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-maxcdn::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-html5::before { content: ""; }
.fa-css3::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-unlock-alt::before { content: ""; }
.fa-bullseye::before { content: ""; }
.fa-ellipsis-h::before { content: ""; }
.fa-ellipsis-v::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-ticket::before { content: ""; }
.fa-minus-square::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-level-up::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-check-square::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-compass::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-toggle-right::before, .fa-caret-square-o-right::before { content: ""; }
.fa-euro::before, .fa-eur::before { content: ""; }
.fa-gbp::before { content: ""; }
.fa-dollar::before, .fa-usd::before { content: ""; }
.fa-rupee::before, .fa-inr::before { content: ""; }
.fa-cny::before, .fa-rmb::before, .fa-yen::before, .fa-jpy::before { content: ""; }
.fa-ruble::before, .fa-rouble::before, .fa-rub::before { content: ""; }
.fa-won::before, .fa-krw::before { content: ""; }
.fa-bitcoin::before, .fa-btc::before { content: ""; }
.fa-file::before { content: ""; }
.fa-file-text::before { content: ""; }
.fa-sort-alpha-asc::before { content: ""; }
.fa-sort-alpha-desc::before { content: ""; }
.fa-sort-amount-asc::before { content: ""; }
.fa-sort-amount-desc::before { content: ""; }
.fa-sort-numeric-asc::before { content: ""; }
.fa-sort-numeric-desc::before { content: ""; }
.fa-thumbs-up::before { content: ""; }
.fa-thumbs-down::before { content: ""; }
.fa-youtube-square::before { content: ""; }
.fa-youtube::before { content: ""; }
.fa-xing::before { content: ""; }
.fa-xing-square::before { content: ""; }
.fa-youtube-play::before { content: ""; }
.fa-dropbox::before { content: ""; }
.fa-stack-overflow::before { content: ""; }
.fa-instagram::before { content: ""; }
.fa-flickr::before { content: ""; }
.fa-adn::before { content: ""; }
.fa-bitbucket::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-tumblr::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-long-arrow-up::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-long-arrow-right::before { content: ""; }
.fa-apple::before { content: ""; }
.fa-windows::before { content: ""; }
.fa-android::before { content: ""; }
.fa-linux::before { content: ""; }
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.fa-skype::before { content: ""; }
.fa-foursquare::before { content: ""; }
.fa-trello::before { content: ""; }
.fa-female::before { content: ""; }
.fa-male::before { content: ""; }
.fa-gittip::before { content: ""; }
.fa-sun-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-moon-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-archive::before { content: ""; }
.fa-bug::before { content: ""; }
.fa-vk::before { content: ""; }
.fa-weibo::before { content: ""; }
.fa-renren::before { content: ""; }
.fa-pagelines::before { content: ""; }
.fa-stack-exchange::before { content: ""; }
.fa-arrow-circle-o-right::before { content: ""; }
.fa-arrow-circle-o-left::before { content: ""; }
.fa-toggle-left::before, .fa-caret-square-o-left::before { content: ""; }
.fa-dot-circle-o::before { content: ""; }
.fa-wheelchair::before { content: ""; }
.fa-vimeo-square::before { content: ""; }
.fa-turkish-lira::before, .fa-try::before { content: ""; }
.fa-plus-square-o::before { content: ""; }

/* ::::: http://pnas-movie.glencoesoftware.com/static/video-js.min.css ::::: */

.hwcommon-video { position: relative; }
.hwcommon-video .video-js-box { margin: auto; }
.hwcommon-caption { padding-bottom: 1em; }
.hwcommon-video a.expand-fig-inline { cursor: pointer; }
.vjs-control-bar.hwcommon-small, .vjs-controls.hwcommon-small { padding: 0px !important; }
.vjs-control-bar .vjs-live-controls, .vjs-control-bar.hwcommon-small .vjs-time-controls, .vjs-control-bar.hwcommon-small .vjs-time-divider, .vjs-control-bar.hwcommon-small .vjs-progress-control, .vjs-control-bar.hwcommon-small .vjs-volume-control, .vjs-controls.hwcommon-small .vjs-time-control, .vjs-controls.hwcommon-small .vjs-progress-control, .vjs-controls.hwcommon-small .vjs-volume-control { display: none; }
.vjs-fullscreen .vjs-control-bar.hwcommon-small .vjs-time-control, .vjs-fullscreen .vjs-control-bar.hwcommon-small .vjs-progress-control, .vjs-fullscreen .vjs-control-bar.hwcommon-small .vjs-volume-control, .vjs-fullscreen .vjs-controls.hwcommon-small .vjs-time-control, .vjs-fullscreen .vjs-controls.hwcommon-small .vjs-progress-control, .vjs-fullscreen .vjs-controls.hwcommon-small .vjs-volume-control { display: block; }
.hwcommon-collapsed p { white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow: hidden; display: block !important; }
.hippio-collapse { border: 0px none; position: absolute; top: 10px; right: 10px; }
.hippio-collapse:focus { outline: 0px none; }
.hippio-collapse:hover { background-color: rgb(76, 107, 175); }
[class^="hippio-icon-"], [class*=" hippio-icon-"] { display: inline-block; width: 18px; height: 18px; margin-top: 1px; line-height: 18px; vertical-align: text-top; background-image: url('glyphicons-halflings-white.png'); background-position: 18px 18px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-color: black; border-radius: 2px; }
.hippio-icon-resize-full { background-position: -358px -94px; }
.hippio-icon-resize-small { background-position: -382px -94px; }
html body .hwcommon-video video.video-js { background-color: transparent !important; }
html body .hwcommon-video .vjs-fullscreen video.video-js { background-color: black !important; }
#pageid-data-supp .fig { padding: 0px !important; }
#sidebar #featured-video .featured-fig-label { color: rgb(96, 96, 96); }
#sidebar #featured-video .featured-fig-label a { display: inline; margin-left: 4px; }
#sidebar #cb-art-featuredvids ol li { margin-left: 0px; }
div#sidebar .pnasfigures .sidebar-tools .cb-contents div#cb-art-featuredvids h4.expand a span { color: rgb(32, 32, 32); font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; font-family: "Open Sans",sans-serif !important; }
#sidebar.eq div.pnasfigures div.content-box.sidebar-tools div.cb-contents #cb-art-featuredvids .expand a.open:link, #sidebar.eq div.pnasfigures div.content-box.sidebar-tools div.cb-contents #cb-art-featuredvids .expand a.open:visited { background: transparent url('arrow-blue-side.png') no-repeat scroll 35% 50%; }
#sidebar.eq div.pnasfigures div.content-box.sidebar-tools div.cb-contents #cb-art-featuredvids .expand a:link, #sidebar.eq div.pnasfigures div.content-box.sidebar-tools div.cb-contents #cb-art-featuredvids .expand a:visited { background: transparent url('arrow-blue-down.png') no-repeat scroll 35% 50%; }
.vjs-volume-control, .vjs-live-controls, .vjs-time-control { display: none !important; }
#sidebar.eq .vjs-mute-control { display: none !important; }
div.ds .hwcommon-video { margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: -20px; }
div.hippio-callout { float: none; }
div.hippio-callout a { display: inline !important; border: medium none !important; }
div.hippio-callout span { display: block !important; }
div.hippio-expanded div.hippio-callout { float: none; display: block; }
div#pageid-content .fulltext-view div.fig.hwcommon-video .fig-inline { float: left; }
div#pageid-content .fulltext-view div.fig.hwcommon-video .fig-caption.hwcommon-caption { clear: none; }
div#pageid-data-supp div.fig.hwcommon-video .fig-inline.hippio-expanded + .fig-caption.hwcommon-caption .fig-label, div#pageid-content .fulltext-view div.fig.hwcommon-video .fig-inline.hippio-expanded + .fig-caption.hwcommon-caption .fig-label, div#pageid-content .ds div.fig.hwcommon-video .fig-inline.hippio-expanded + .fig-caption.hwcommon-caption .fig-label { display: block; clear: left; }
div.key ul li.hippio_icon_v { background: transparent url('icon-video.jpg') no-repeat scroll 0px 1px; margin-top: 14px; }
#maincontent .hippio-callout { margin-top: 10px; }
.vjs-default-skin { color: rgb(204, 204, 204); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-slider { outline: 0px none; position: relative; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.9); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-slider:focus { box-shadow: 0px 0px 2em rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-slider-handle { position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-slider-handle::before { content: ""; font-family: VideoJS; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1; text-align: center; text-shadow: 0px 0px 1em rgb(255, 255, 255); position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; transform: rotate(-45deg); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-control-bar { display: none; position: absolute; bottom: 0px; left: 0px; right: 0px; height: 3em; background-color: rgba(7, 20, 30, 0.7); }
.vjs-default-skin.vjs-has-started .vjs-control-bar { display: block; visibility: visible; opacity: 1; transition: visibility 0.1s ease 0s, opacity 0.1s ease 0s; }
.vjs-default-skin.vjs-has-started.vjs-user-inactive.vjs-playing .vjs-control-bar { display: block; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; transition: visibility 1s ease 0s, opacity 1s ease 0s; }
.vjs-default-skin.vjs-controls-disabled .vjs-control-bar { display: none; }
.vjs-default-skin.vjs-using-native-controls .vjs-control-bar { display: none; }
.vjs-default-skin.vjs-error .vjs-control-bar { display: none; }
@media �screen {
  .vjs-default-skin.vjs-user-inactive.vjs-playing .vjs-control-bar::before { content: ""; }
}
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-control { outline: 0px none; position: relative; float: left; text-align: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: 3em; width: 4em; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-control::before { font-family: VideoJS; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 2; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%; text-align: center; text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-control:focus::before, .vjs-default-skin .vjs-control:hover::before { text-shadow: 0px 0px 1em rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-control-text { border: 0px none; clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; width: 1px; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-play-control { width: 5em; cursor: pointer; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-play-control::before { content: ""; }
.vjs-default-skin.vjs-playing .vjs-play-control::before { content: ""; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-playback-rate .vjs-playback-rate-value { font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 2; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%; text-align: center; text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-playback-rate.vjs-menu-button .vjs-menu .vjs-menu-content { width: 4em; left: -2em; list-style: outside none none; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-mute-control, .vjs-default-skin .vjs-volume-menu-button { cursor: pointer; float: right; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-mute-control::before, .vjs-default-skin .vjs-volume-menu-button::before { content: ""; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-mute-control.vjs-vol-0::before, .vjs-default-skin .vjs-volume-menu-button.vjs-vol-0::before { content: ""; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-mute-control.vjs-vol-1::before, .vjs-default-skin .vjs-volume-menu-button.vjs-vol-1::before { content: ""; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-mute-control.vjs-vol-2::before, .vjs-default-skin .vjs-volume-menu-button.vjs-vol-2::before { content: ""; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-volume-control { width: 5em; float: right; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-volume-bar { width: 5em; height: 0.6em; margin: 1.1em auto 0px; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-volume-menu-button .vjs-menu-content { height: 2.9em; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-volume-level { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; height: 0.5em; width: 100%; background: rgb(102, 168, 204) url('04+w7ZICBwcOg5FZi5iBB82AGzixEglJrd4TVK5XUJpskSTEvpdFzX9AB2pGziSQcvAAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC') repeat scroll -50% 0px; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-volume-bar .vjs-volume-handle { width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em; left: 4.5em; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-volume-handle::before { font-size: 0.9em; top: -0.2em; left: -0.2em; width: 1em; height: 1em; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-volume-menu-button .vjs-menu .vjs-menu-content { width: 6em; left: -4em; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-progress-control { position: absolute; left: 0px; right: 0px; width: auto; font-size: 0.3em; height: 1em; top: -1em; transition: all 0.4s ease 0s; }
.vjs-default-skin:hover .vjs-progress-control { font-size: 0.9em; transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-progress-holder { height: 100%; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-progress-holder .vjs-play-progress, .vjs-default-skin .vjs-progress-holder .vjs-load-progress, .vjs-default-skin .vjs-progress-holder .vjs-load-progress div { position: absolute; display: block; height: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 0px; left: 0px; top: 0px; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-play-progress { background: rgb(102, 168, 204) url('04+w7ZICBwcOg5FZi5iBB82AGzixEglJrd4TVK5XUJpskSTEvpdFzX9AB2pGziSQcvAAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC') repeat scroll -50% 0px; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-load-progress { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-load-progress div { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-seek-handle { width: 1.5em; height: 100%; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-seek-handle::before { padding-top: 0.1em; }
.vjs-default-skin.vjs-live .vjs-time-controls, .vjs-default-skin.vjs-live .vjs-time-divider, .vjs-default-skin.vjs-live .vjs-progress-control { display: none; }
.vjs-default-skin.vjs-live .vjs-live-display { display: block; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-live-display { display: none; font-size: 1em; line-height: 3em; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-time-controls { font-size: 1em; line-height: 3em; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-current-time { float: left; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-duration { float: left; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-remaining-time { display: none; float: left; }
.vjs-time-divider { float: left; line-height: 3em; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-fullscreen-control { width: 3.8em; cursor: pointer; float: right; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-fullscreen-control::before { content: ""; }
.vjs-default-skin.vjs-fullscreen .vjs-fullscreen-control::before { content: ""; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-big-play-button { left: 0.5em; top: 0.5em; font-size: 3em; display: block; z-index: 2; position: absolute; width: 4em; height: 2.6em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; cursor: pointer; opacity: 1; background-color: rgba(7, 20, 30, 0.7); border: 0.1em solid rgb(59, 66, 73); border-radius: 0.8em; box-shadow: 0px 0px 1em rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); transition: all 0.4s ease 0s; }
.vjs-default-skin.vjs-big-play-centered .vjs-big-play-button { left: 50%; margin-left: -2.1em; top: 50%; margin-top: -1.4em; }
.vjs-default-skin.vjs-controls-disabled .vjs-big-play-button { display: none; }
.vjs-default-skin.vjs-has-started .vjs-big-play-button { display: none; }
.vjs-default-skin.vjs-using-native-controls .vjs-big-play-button { display: none; }
.vjs-default-skin:hover .vjs-big-play-button, .vjs-default-skin .vjs-big-play-button:focus { outline: 0px none; border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.75); box-shadow: 0px 0px 3em rgb(255, 255, 255); transition: all 0s ease 0s; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-big-play-button::before { content: ""; font-family: VideoJS; line-height: 2.6em; text-shadow: 0.05em 0.05em 0.1em rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center; position: absolute; left: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.vjs-error .vjs-big-play-button { display: none; }
.vjs-error-display { display: none; }
.vjs-error .vjs-error-display { display: block; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.vjs-error .vjs-error-display::before { content: "X"; font-family: Arial; font-size: 4em; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); line-height: 1; text-shadow: 0.05em 0.05em 0.1em rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 50%; margin-top: -0.5em; width: 100%; }
.vjs-error-display div { position: absolute; bottom: 1em; right: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 1.4em; text-align: center; padding: 3px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
.vjs-error-display a, .vjs-error-display a:visited { color: rgb(244, 164, 96); }
.vjs-loading-spinner { display: none; position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 50%; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; width: 1em; height: 1em; margin-left: -0.5em; margin-top: -0.5em; opacity: 0.75; }
.vjs-waiting .vjs-loading-spinner, .vjs-seeking .vjs-loading-spinner { display: block; animation: 1.5s linear 0s normal none infinite running spin; }
.vjs-error .vjs-loading-spinner { display: none; animation: 0s ease 0s normal none 1 running none; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-loading-spinner::before { content: ""; font-family: VideoJS; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; text-shadow: 0px 0px 0.1em rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-menu-button { float: right; cursor: pointer; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-menu { display: none; position: absolute; bottom: 0px; left: 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-bottom: 3em; border-left: 2em solid transparent; border-right: 2em solid transparent; border-top: 1.55em solid rgba(7, 40, 50, 0.5); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-menu-button .vjs-menu .vjs-menu-content { display: block; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: absolute; width: 10em; bottom: 1.5em; max-height: 15em; overflow: auto; left: -5em; background-color: rgba(7, 20, 30, 0.7); box-shadow: -0.2em -0.2em 0.3em rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-menu-button:hover .vjs-menu { display: block; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-menu-button ul li { list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 1.2em; text-align: center; text-transform: lowercase; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-menu-button ul li.vjs-selected { background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-menu-button ul li:focus, .vjs-default-skin .vjs-menu-button ul li:hover, .vjs-default-skin .vjs-menu-button ul li.vjs-selected:focus, .vjs-default-skin .vjs-menu-button ul li.vjs-selected:hover { outline: 0px none; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75); box-shadow: 0px 0px 1em rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-menu-button ul li.vjs-menu-title { text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 1em; line-height: 2em; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; font-weight: bold; cursor: default; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-subtitles-button::before { content: ""; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-captions-button::before { content: ""; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-chapters-button::before { content: ""; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-chapters-button.vjs-menu-button .vjs-menu .vjs-menu-content { width: 24em; left: -12em; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-captions-button:focus .vjs-control-content::before, .vjs-default-skin .vjs-captions-button:hover .vjs-control-content::before { box-shadow: 0px 0px 1em rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.video-js { background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); position: relative; padding: 0px; font-size: 10px; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; -moz-user-select: none; }
.video-js .vjs-tech { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.video-js:-moz-full-screen { position: absolute; }
body.vjs-full-window { padding: 0px; margin: 0px; height: 100%; overflow-y: auto; }
.video-js.vjs-fullscreen { position: fixed; overflow: hidden; z-index: 1000; left: 0px; top: 0px; bottom: 0px; right: 0px; width: 100% !important; height: 100% !important; }
.video-js.vjs-fullscreen.vjs-user-inactive { cursor: none; }
.vjs-poster { background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 50% 50%; background-size: contain; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; left: 0px; }
.vjs-poster img { display: block; margin: 0px auto; max-height: 100%; padding: 0px; width: 100%; }
.video-js.vjs-using-native-controls .vjs-poster { display: none; }
.video-js .vjs-text-track-display { text-align: center; position: absolute; bottom: 4em; left: 1em; right: 1em; }
.video-js.vjs-user-inactive.vjs-playing .vjs-text-track-display { bottom: 1em; }
.video-js .vjs-text-track { display: none; font-size: 1.4em; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); }
.video-js .vjs-subtitles { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); }
.video-js .vjs-captions { color: rgb(255, 204, 102); }
.vjs-tt-cue { display: block; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-hidden { display: none; }
.vjs-lock-showing { display: block !important; opacity: 1; visibility: visible; }
.vjs-no-js { padding: 20px; color: rgb(204, 204, 204); background-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 18px; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; text-align: center; width: 300px; height: 150px; margin: 0px auto; }
.vjs-no-js a, .vjs-no-js a:visited { color: rgb(244, 164, 96); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-slider-handle::before { color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 0.9em; text-shadow: none; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-control { color: rgb(250, 250, 250); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-control::before { text-shadow: 1px 0px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-control:focus::before, .vjs-default-skin .vjs-control:hover::before { text-shadow: 0px 0px 1em rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-mute-control, .vjs-default-skin .vjs-volume-menu-button { font-size: 0.9em; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-volume-level { background-color: rgb(98, 148, 144); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-play-progress { background-color: rgb(98, 148, 144); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-load-progress { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-fullscreen-control { font-size: 0.9em; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-big-play-button { width: 2.5em; height: 2.5em; background-color: rgba(7, 20, 30, 0.5); border: 0.1em solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius: 100px; box-shadow: none; }
.vjs-default-skin.vjs-big-play-centered .vjs-big-play-button { margin-left: -1.4em; }
.vjs-default-skin:hover .vjs-big-play-button, .vjs-default-skin .vjs-big-play-button:focus { background-color: rgba(7, 20, 30, 0.65); border: 0.1em solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: none; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-big-play-button::before { line-height: 2.5em; margin-left: 2px; text-shadow: 0.05em 0.05em 0.1em rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-time-controls { width: 3em; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-control, .vjs-default-skin .vjs-play-control { width: 3.5em; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-volume-control { width: 5em; }
.vjs-default-skin .vjs-progress-control { width: auto; }
.hippio-small.vjs-default-skin .vjs-mute-control { display: none; }
.hippio-large.vjs-default-skin .vjs-big-play-button { font-size: 5em; width: 2.7em; height: 2.7em; }
.hippio-large.vjs-default-skin .vjs-big-play-button::before { line-height: 2.7em; }
.hippio-small.vjs-default-skin .vjs-big-play-button { font-size: 2em; }
.vjs-poster, .vjs-tech { background-color: black; }

/* ::::: http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-content-figures.css ::::: */

.callout { display: block; }
div.callout ul.callout-links, div.callout ul.fig-services { margin: 0.2em 0em; }
div.callout .callout-links li, div.callout .fig-services li { display: inline; margin-left: 0px; list-style: outside none none; }
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/* ::::: null ::::: */

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div#_altmetric_popover_el.altmetric-embed div#_altmetric_container.altmetric_container div#_altmetric_popover_inner .tip_videos { border-left: 16px solid rgb(148, 219, 94); padding-left: 10px; line-height: 18px; }
div#_altmetric_popover_el.altmetric-embed div#_altmetric_container.altmetric_container div#_altmetric_popover_inner .tip_linkedin { border-left: 16px solid rgb(30, 144, 255); padding-left: 10px; line-height: 18px; }
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div#_altmetric_popover_el.altmetric-embed div#_altmetric_container.altmetric_container div#_altmetric_popover_inner div { margin: 0px; }
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div#_altmetric_popover_el.altmetric-embed .modal-open .tooltip { z-index: 2070; }
div#_altmetric_popover_el.altmetric-embed .tooltip { position: absolute; z-index: 1020; display: block; padding: 5px; font-size: 11px; opacity: 0; visibility: visible; }
div#_altmetric_popover_el.altmetric-embed .tooltip.in { opacity: 0.8; }
div#_altmetric_popover_el.altmetric-embed .tooltip.top { margin-top: -2px; }
div#_altmetric_popover_el.altmetric-embed .tooltip.right { margin-left: 2px; }
div#_altmetric_popover_el.altmetric-embed .tooltip.bottom { margin-top: 2px; }
div#_altmetric_popover_el.altmetric-embed .tooltip.left { margin-left: -2px; }
div#_altmetric_popover_el.altmetric-embed .tooltip.top .tooltip-arrow { bottom: 0px; left: 50%; margin-left: -5px; border-top: 5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 5px solid transparent; border-left: 5px solid transparent; }
div#_altmetric_popover_el.altmetric-embed .tooltip.left .tooltip-arrow { top: 50%; right: 0px; margin-top: -5px; border-top: 5px solid transparent; border-bottom: 5px solid transparent; border-left: 5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); }
div#_altmetric_popover_el.altmetric-embed .tooltip.bottom .tooltip-arrow { top: 0px; left: 50%; margin-left: -5px; border-right: 5px solid transparent; border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: 5px solid transparent; }
div#_altmetric_popover_el.altmetric-embed .tooltip.right .tooltip-arrow { top: 50%; left: 0px; margin-top: -5px; border-top: 5px solid transparent; border-right: 5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: 5px solid transparent; }
div#_altmetric_popover_el.altmetric-embed .tooltip-inner { max-width: 200px; padding: 3px 8px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; text-decoration: none; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-radius: 4px; }
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div#_altmetric_popover_el.altmetric-embed { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 1010; display: none; padding: 5px; }
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.altmetric-normal-legend { float: left; margin: 0px 20px 0px 0px; }
.altmetric-condensed-legend .altmetric-see-more-details { display: none; }

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/* ::::: null ::::: */

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#MathJax_Tooltip { background-color: infobackground; color: infotext; border: 1px solid black; box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 3px 4px; z-index: 401; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: auto; height: auto; display: none; }
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#MathJax_Tooltip * { filter: none; opacity: 1; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%; }
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