The escalation in the price of oil over the past seven years has allowed the Middle East and Gulf states to reap an incredible windfall. The oil boom has neither saved nor doomed the Middle East, but rather opened new possibilities and heightened existing problems. Suzanne Maloney argues that international interest in ensuring the free flow of energy resources should prompt serious efforts by Washington and other capitals to enhance regional integration, encourage meaningful reform and promote long-term cooperation in cultivating a more stable, prosperous and sustainable future for the Middle East.