TABLE 2: THE THICKENING OF GOVERNMENT, 1960-1998

 

Title

Number of Departments in which Title Exists

 

Number of Occupants with each Title

 

 

 

1960

 

1992

 

1998

 

2004

 

1960

 

1992

 

 

1998

 

2004

 

Secretary

Chief of Staff to the Secretary

Deputy Chief of Staff to the Secretary

 

10

---

---

 

14

11

2

 

14

13

9

 

15

14

13

 

10

---

---

 

14

11

2

 

14

13

10

 

15

14

13

 

Deputy Secretary (DS)

Chief of Staff to the DS

Deputy Chief of Staff

Deputy Deputy Secretary

Principal Associate DS

Associate DS

Deputy Associate DS

Assistant DS

 

3

---

---

---

1

---

---

---

 

14

2

---

---

---

6

---

---

 

14

5

---

3

1

6

1

3

 

15

4

1

3

1

6

1

2

 

6

---

---

---

2

---

---

---

 

20

2

---

---

---

13

---

---

 

23

6

---

5

1

12

1

5

 

24

4

1

5

1

15

1

6

 

Under Secretary (US)

Chief of Staff to the US

Principal Deputy US

Deputy Under Secretary

Chief of Staff to the Deputy US

Principal Associate Deputy US

Associate Deputy US

Principal Assistant Deputy US

Assistant Deputy US

Associate Under Secretary

Assistant Under Secretary

 

8

---

1

    4

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

 

9

---

2

11

---

1

6

---

1

  1

---

 

10

4

2

8

---

---

---

1

1

1

1

 

15

7

6

10

1

1

3

1

1

3

1

 

15

---

1

9

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

 

32

---

8

52

---

1

11

---

11

1

---

 

41

4

13

53

---

---

---

5

16

1

4

 

53

13

17

79

1

1

8

6

7

12

1

 

Assistant Secretary (AS)

Chief of Staff to the AS

Deputy Chief of Staff

Principal Deputy AS

Associate Principal Deputy AS

Deputy Assistant Secretary

Chief of Staff to the Deputy AS

Principal Deputy Deputy AS

Deputy Deputy AS

Associate Deputy AS

Chief of Staff to the Assoc. Deputy AS

Deputy Associate AS

Assistant Deputy AS

Principal Associate AS

Associate AS

Chief of Staff to the Assoc. AS

Deputy Associate AS

Principal Assistant AS

Assistant Assistant Secretary

Chief of Staff to the Assistant AS

Deputy Assistant AS

 

10

---

---

1

---

7

---

---

---

5

---

---

---

---

1

---

---

---

3

---

---

 

14

4

---

8

---

14

---

---

---

4

---

---

3

---

14

---

---

---

14

---

11

 

14

8

---

7

1

14

---

1

1

6

---

---

2

2

12

1

11

8

14

1

13

 

15

10

4

8

2

15

2

--

1

7

3

1

3

2

12

1

9

2

15

---

14

 

87

---

---

1

---

78

---

---

---

20

---

---

---

---

 4

---

---

---

16

---

---

 

225

  5

---

76

---

518

---

---

---

50

---

---

26

---

208

---

121

---

177

---

57

 

212

21

---

64

1

484

---

5

1

42

---

---

16

6

148

2

---

66

220

1

82

 

256

36

4

74

---

535

3

---

5

24

6

1

6

3

167

1

56

4

269

---

100

 

Administrator (Adm.)

Chief of Staff to the Adm.

Deputy Chief of Staff  to the Adm.

Assistant Chief of Staff to the Adm.

Principal Deputy Adm.

Deputy Adm.

Chief of Staff to the Deputy Adm.

Associate Deputy Adm.

Deputy Associate Deputy Adm.

Assistant Deputy Adm.

Deputy Assistant Deputy Adm.

Senior Associate Adm.

Associate Adm.

Chief of Staff to the Associate Adm.

Deputy Executive Associate Adm.

Deputy Associate Adm.

Assistant Adm.

Chief of Staff to the Assistant Adm.

Deputy Assistant Adm.

Associate Assistant Adm.

Associate Deputy Assistant Adm.

 

9

---

---

---

---

8

---

---

---

1

---

---

2

---

---

7

---

---

---

---

---

 

11

2

---

---

3

10

--

1

---

4

---

9

---

---

---

6

8

---

8

1

---

 

9

5

---

1

2

9

2

1

3

1

1

---

9

1

---

4

8

1

5

---

---

 

10

7

2

---

3

10

1

2

---

3

---

1

9

1

1

6

9

---

7

1

1

 

 

90

---

---

---

---

52

---

---

---

2

---

---

3

---

---

55

---

---

---

---

---

 

128

7

---

---

9

190

15

---

48

---

---

---

105

---

---

28

159

---

66

12

---

 

139

12

---

1

4

192

30

1

42

1

1

---

138

1

---

24

146

1

54

---

---

 

 

120

14

2

---

4

187

1

43

29

1

---

1

136

3

1

27

114

---

60

1

1

 

 

Number of Departments where Title Exists

 

 

Number of Positions Open for Occupancy

 

 

1960

 

1992

 

1998

 

2004

 

1960

 

1992

 

1998

 

2004

 

Total

Absolute Increase

Increase per year

 

17

---

---

 

33

16

0.5

 

51

18

3.0

 

64

13

2.1

 

451

---

---

 

2,409

1,958

62

 

 

2,385*

-24

-4

 

2,592*

207

35

 

Sources: 1960 and 1992 data are from Paul C. Light, Thickening Government: Federal Hierarchy and the Diffusion of Accountability (Brookings/Governance, 1995), 1998 data are from further coding of the Federal Yellow Book, Winter 1998 edition.