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Past Event

A LATIN AMERICA INITIATIVE EVENT

An Arms Race in Our Hemisphere? Discussing the Trends and Implications of Military Expenditures in South America

South America, Arms Control, Defense, Latin America, Foreign Policy

Event Summary

The past few years have witnessed a significant increase in military spending within South America. In spite of this rising trend, many experts point out that Latin America’s military spending is proportionately lower than other regions of the world. Nevertheless, South America’s rising military spending has raised concerns among some observers. Up to now, policymakers in Latin America and the U.S. have resisted the use of the term “arms race” to describe the current situation. In fact, few hard figures on the extent of military spending exist, and data is limited on the nature of the trends, the drivers behind them, and the potential implications for both Latin America’s security and U.S. foreign policy.

Event Information

When

Thursday, June 03, 2010
8:30 AM to 1:15 PM

Where

The Root Room
The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
1779 Massachusetts Ave., NW
Washington, DC
Map

Event Materials

Contact: Brookings Office of Communications

Email: events@brookings.edu

Phone: 202.797.6105


On June 3, the Latin America Initiative at Brookings and the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies hosted a discussion of the trends and implications of military expenditures in South America. A panel of leading defense and Latin American policy experts discussed the discernible national and regional trends; the main factors behind these trends; the political and security implications for the South American countries; and the implications for U.S. foreign and defense policies toward the region.

After each panel, participants took audience questions.

Transcript

Mauricio Cárdenas: I would say that if you look back to history, Latin America has been, to a large extent, a very peaceful region. Today’s borders are very similar to the borders in 1840, and that’s not happening in any other region of the world. If there is something characteristic about Latin America it’s the lack of what experts call total wars. And the total war measured by, say, it’s a degree of lethalness, the involvement of the entire society, the deployment of massive resources. Those have been very exceptional events in our region. I would just, I think, think of one war, which is the War of the Triple Alliance, which could be considered as a total war.

But things can change, and I think the question is whether we are at a juncture where change is taking place. Are we leaving behind the Latin America that is relatively peaceful from the point of view of interstate wars and entering a new phase where there will be more aggression? And I think that’s an interesting question because there can be arguments made in both directions.

One thing we know is that at the political and ideological level there is somewhat -- there is something that is very reminiscent of a Cold War. We have two clearly defined ideological camps. There is, at the very least, a war of words. And there is also the presence of some of the expressions of a Cold War in terms of trade embargoes, for example, like the one Colombia is now experiencing from Venezuela. So do these things escalate into something else? Do these things stop there? Those are the questions that I think we should ask ourselves. Is this ideological war of words going to get worse or is this just something that will go away?

Those are some of the issues that I think we should be discussing today.

Participants

8:30 AM -- Opening Remarks

Mauricio Cárdenas

Director, Latin America Initiative

Richard Downie

Director, Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies

8:45 AM -- Panel One: South America’s Rearmament: National and Regional Trends

Presenter: Mark Bromley

Researcher, Arms Transfers Programme
SIPRI

Discussant: Iñigo Guevara

Researcher
Colectivo de Análisis para la Seguridad con Democracia A.C.

9:45 AM -- Panel Two: The Factors Behind the Rising Trends

Moderator: Ted Piccone

Senior Fellow and Deputy Director, Foreign Policy

Adam Isacson

Senior Associate
Washington Office for Latin America

Ray Walser

Senior Policy Analyst
The Heritage Foundation

Julio Soto

Professor
National Academy of Political and Strategic Studies of Chile

11:30 AM -- Panel Three: Implications for South America and U.S. National Security

Moderator: Michael Gold-Biss

Associate Dean of Faculty
Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies

Kevin Casas-Zamora

Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Latin America Initiative

Gabriel Marcella

Researcher, Strategic Studies Institute
United States Army War College

Michael Shifter

President
Inter-American Dialogue

1:00 PM -- Summary of the Proceedings

Frederick Nunn

Dean of Academic Affairs, Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies

1:15 PM -- Closing Remarks

Kevin Casas-Zamora

Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Latin America Initiative

Richard Downie

Director, Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies


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