Sunday February 12, 2012

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Past Event

A LATIN AMERICA INITATIVE EVENT

The Merida Initiative and Central America

Central America, Latin America, Crime, Mexico, Counternarcotics Policy

Event Summary

In October 2007, the U.S. government announced the Merida Initiative, a 3-year program that provides funding for a wide-range of drug interdiction, prevention and intervention activities throughout Mexico, Central America and select Caribbean countries. While the Mexico side of the Merida Initiative has received widespread attention from the press, policy-makers and officials throughout the region, relatively little focus has been given to the Central American experience, which differs in its orientation and programmatic allocations.

Event Information

When

Tuesday, May 26, 2009
10:00 AM to 12:00 PM

Where

Falk Auditorium
The Brookings Institution
1775 Massachusetts Ave., NW
Washington, DC
Map

Event Materials


Contact: Brookings Office of Communications

Email: events@brookings.edu

Phone: 202.797.6105


On May 26, the Latin America Initiative at Brookings and the Washington Office for Latin America hosted a discussion on the Central American component of the Merida Initiative. Panelists examined the security challenges in Central America and the adequacy of the Merida Initiative to provide effective responses within the context of existing and future national and regional initiatives. Particular attention was placed on the suitability of the Initiative to deal effectively with the issue of Central American youth gangs, or maras.

Brookings Senior Fellow Kevin Casas-Zamora provided introductory remarks and moderated the discussion.

Transcript

KEVIN CASAS-ZAMORA: In 2007, the United States and Mexico launched the Merida Initiative, a multiyear plan for U.S. assistance to Mexico and Central America aimed at helping those governments combat drug trafficking and other criminal organizations. In 2008, $465 million were allocated by the U.S. Congress for this purpose; $400 million for Mexico and $65 million for Central America.

In 2009, the level of funding allocated similar, but a distribution is slightly more favorable for Central America. The administration requested $450 million for Mexico and $100 million for Central America. As you would expect, the Mexican component of the Initiative has attracted a lot of attention in the past few months for rather obvious reasons. We have all, you know, witnessed through the images and chronicles that we see in the media the horrific violence that is taking place in Northern Mexico which, no doubt, has caught the eye of the highest authorities of the new U.S. administration. Yet, little attention has been given to Central America throughout this discussion. There are many -- one would think there are many reasons for this, and Central America does not share a border with the U.S., number one.

Number two, the Central American component of the Merida Initiative is relatively marginal, and I suspect also that -- and this is sad to say -- that the world has just grown used to the terrible levels of violence that are endemic in Central America. You know, more people are dying now in Central America as result of crime, much of it related to drug trafficking and other forms of organized crime, than at the height of the civil wars. But somehow, that doesn't seem to register and doesn't seem to make it to the news anymore. The Central American portion of the Initiative scheme that both aims to strengthen the capacity of governments to inspect and interdict unauthorized drugs, goods, arms, and people, also supports the implementation of the U.S. strategy for combating criminal gangs from Central America and Mexico announced in 2007 at a summit between the U.S. and the Central American Integration System, SICA.

The fact that the allocation of funds in the Merida Initiative in 2009 have improved for Central America is probably good news, but leaves open a number of important questions, and I'm just going to mention a few: Is the allocation of funds adequate to make a difference in the very complex security landscape of Central America? Are the definition and approach of the Central American component of the Merida Initiative correct? For instance, is the anti-gang strategy effective so that it deserves to get more funding? How effective has been the disbursement of the funds allocated to Central America so far? When it comes to Central America, should the focus of the Initiative be in the building of regional programs as a way of circumventing the inevitable coordination problems that arise when seven different countries are involved? These are only a few of the questions that deserve some attention.

Participants

Introduction and Moderator

Kevin Casas-Zamora

Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Latin America Initiative

Featured Speakers

Geoff Thale

Program Director, Washington Office on Latin America

H.E. Roberto Flores Bermudez

Ambassador of Honduras to the United States

Jose Miguel Cruz

Latin America Public Opinion Project, Vanderbilt University

Mario Pozas

Expert on Juridical Issues and Migration, Central American Integration Sysyem (SICA)

Roberta Jacobson

Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, U.S. Department of State


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