China Policy and the National Security Council
Participants
Oral History Roundtable, The NSC Project, November 4, 1999
Read the roundtable introduction, or download the entire transcript (PDF: 228 kb).
MICHAEL H. ARMACOST U.S. ambassador to the Philippines, 1982-84; undersecretary for political affairs, Department of State, 1984-89; U.S. ambassador to Japan, 1989-93; president, The Brookings Institution, 1995-present.
WILLIAM H. GLEYSTEEN, JR. Career Foreign Service officer, 1951-81; U.S. ambassador to Korea, 1979-81; director, Asia Society's Washington Center, 1981-84; director of studies, Council on Foreign Relations, 1987-89; president, Japan Society, Inc., 1989-95; guest scholar, The Brookings Institution, 1997-98; non-resident senior fellow, The Brookings Institution, 1998-present.
JOHN H. HOLDRIDGE Staff member, National Security Council, 1969-73; deputy chief of mission, U.S. embassy to the People's Republic of China, 1973-75; U.S. ambassador to Singapore, 1975-78; assistant secretary for East Asian and Pacific affairs, Department of State, 1981-83.
ARTHUR W. HUMMEL U.S. ambassador to Burma, 1968-71; assistant secretary for East Asian and Pacific affairs, Department of State, 1976-77; U.S. ambassador to Pakistan, 1977-81; U.S. ambassador to the People's Republic of China, 1981-85.
JAMES A. KELLY Deputy assistant secretary for international security affairs, Department of Defense, 1983-86; special assistant to the president for international security affairs and senior director for Asian affairs, National Security Council, 1986-89; president, EAP Associates, Inc., 1989-94; president, Pacific Forum, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1994-2001; assistant secretary for East Asian and Pacific affairs, Department of State, 2001-present.
SANDRA J. KRISTOFF Deputy and then assistant U.S. trade representative for Asia and the Pacific, Office of the United States Trade Representative, 1985-92; deputy assistant secretary for East Asian and Pacific affairs, Department of State, 1992; director for Asian affairs, National Security Council, 1993-94; senior director for Asia Pacific economic affairs, National Security Council and National Economic Council, 1994-95; U.S. ambassador for Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation, 1995; senior director for Asian affairs, National Security Council, 1996-98; senior vice president for international government affairs, New York Life International, Inc., 1998-present.
HERBERT LEVIN Staff member for East Asian affairs, National Security Council, 1970-71; deputy director for Japanese affairs, Department of State, 1971-74; assistant national intelligence officer for East Asia, East and South Asia, National Intelligence Council, 1981-83; member of the policy planning staff, Department of State, 1983-85; staff director, Subcommittee for Asian and Pacific Affairs, House of Representatives, 1985; special assistant, Office of the Senior Representative for Strategic Technology Policy, Department of State, 1988-90; special assistant to the secretary for non-proliferation and nuclear energy affairs, Department of State, 1990-91; special adviser to the undersecretary-general, United Nations, 1991-94; executive director, America-China Society, 1994-99.
JAMES R. LILLEY National intelligence officer for China, National Intelligence Council, 1975-78; director, American Institute in Taiwan, 1982-84; deputy assistant secretary for East Asian affairs, Department of State, 1985-86; U.S. ambassador to the Republic of Korea, 1986-89; U.S. ambassador to the People's Republic of China, 1989-91; assistant secretary for international affairs, Department of Defense, 1991-93.
WINSTON LORD Staff member, National Security Council, 1969-73; special assistant to Henry Kissinger, National Security Council, 1970-73; director of policy planning, Department of State, 1973-77; president, Council on Foreign Relations, 1977-85; U.S. ambassador to the People's Republic of China, 1985-89; assistant secretary for East Asian and Pacific affairs, Department of State, 1993-1997; co-chairman, International Rescue Committee, 1997-present.
Note: Mr. Lord was unable to attend this roundtable. He was invited to provide comments, which are inserted at appropriate points in the discussion and italicized for distinction. J. STAPLETON ROY Minister-counselor, U.S. embassy to Thailand, 1981-84; U.S. ambassador to Singapore, 1984-86; deputy assistant secretary for East Asian and Pacific affairs, Department of State, 1986-89; executive secretary, Department of State, 1989-91; U.S. ambassador to the People's Republic of China, 1991-95; U.S. ambassador to Indonesia, 1995-99; director, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State, 1999-2000.
W. RICHARD SMYSER Senior staff member, National Security Council, 1970-71 and 1973-75; deputy assistant secretary and assistant secretary for refugee programs, 1980-81; assistant secretary-general of the United Nations and deputy United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 1981-86.
RICHARD H. SOLOMON Senior staff member, National Security Council, 1971-76; head of the social science department, RAND Corporation, 1976-86; director of policy planning, Department of State, 1986-89; assistant secretary for East Asian and Pacific affairs, Department of State, 1989-92; U.S. ambassador to the Philippines, 1992-93; president, United States Institute of Peace, 1993-present.
ROBERT L. SUETTINGER Director, office of analysis for East Asia and the Pacific, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State, 1987-89; deputy national intelligence officer for East Asia, National Intelligence Council, 1989-94; director for Asian affairs, National Security Council, 1994-97; national intelligence officer for East Asia, National Intelligence Council, 1997-98; visiting fellow, The Brookings Institution, 1999-2000.
© Copyright 2001, The Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland (CISSM)
Note: The views expressed in this piece are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the staff, officers or trustees of the Brookings Institution.